ENARO의 중요 어법 문제 해답/독해 요령/ 어조, 분위기 단어 정리

공무원 중요 문제(해답편)

*공무원 중요 문법 문제식 정리( 문제)*
제1장 - 동사(타동사-목적어(명사(구,절)와 대명사)를 가짐, 자동사-목적어가 없음)
*다음 풀이에 알맞은 동사를 넣으시오.
1.This will ( do ).(= be enough, be suitable)
2.This business ( pays ).(= be profitable, be lucrative, be effective)
3.This medicine ( works ) very well.( =약이 잘 듣다)
4.It doesn't ( matter ) to me.(= count, make a difference, be important)
*다음 ( )에서 적절한 것을 고르시오.
5.He was (lying, laying) on the grass. - lying
6.He (lay, laid) himself on the grass. - laid
7.She was (sitting, seating) on the bench. - sitting
8.He was (seated, sat) on the bench. - seated
9.The government (raised, rose) the price of oil. - raised
10.She (rose, raised) a question. - raised
11.He (fell, felled) his opponent with a blow. - felled
12.The school was (found, founded) about a century ago.(설립하다) - founded
13.She (wound, wounded) the bandage on his finger. - wound
14.He was (wound, wounded, wounding) in a car accident. - wounded
15.Game is not fit to eat until it has been well (hung, hanged). - hung
16.She looks (beautiful, beautifully). - beautiful
17.She looks (prettily friendly, pretty friendly). - pretty friendly
18.This cake smells (delicious, deliciously). - delicious
*다음 문장들이 맞으면 O표, 틀리면 X표를 하시오.
19.She answered to the question.( X )
20.She had an answer to the question.( O )
21.She had to answer for the accident.( O )
22.Would you consider about going with us?( X )
23.Did he mention about the accident?( X )
24.She married with a rich merchant.( X )
25.She was(got) married a rich merchant.( X )
26.She opposed to his opinion.( X )
27.She objected his smoking in the room.( X )
28.she is firmly opposed protection.( X )
29.Death awaits for all men.( X )
30.He discussed about the problem with her.( X )
31.He accompanied with her on the way home.( X )
32.She approached to him.( X )
33.She had an approach to the problem.( O )
34.She attended at the meeting.( X )
35.She attended to her own business.( O ) - 1 -
36.She resembled after her grandfather.( X )
37.She reached at the station.( X )
38.She reached for a dictionary.( O )
39.In the end she got to there.( X )
40.On the way to home, she bought a book for her son.( X )
41.In the long run she arrived the station.( X )
42.After all, she left from Jin-ju.( X )
43.Ultimately she left for the temple.( O )
44.She entered into his room.( X )
45.She entered into her own business.( O )
46.She explained me that she was rich.( X )
*같은 형식 동사:propose, suggest, announce, describe, confess, mention, introduce
47.She survived after the accident.( X )
48.Savages still inhabited in the island.( X ) = (reside in;at)
*( )에 알맞은 것을 고르시오.
49.Cows provide(supply) us (with, to, for) milk. - with
= Cows provide(supple) milk (with, to, for) us. - to(for)
50.She furnished(presented) the hungry (with, to, for) food. - with
= She furnished(presented) food (with, to, for) the hungry. - to
*다음 중 틀린 동사를 하나 고르면?
51.She (said, talked, spoke, told) to him -------. - told
52.“타동사 A for B"의 형태를 취하는 동사들
*mistake(take, thank, blame(scold, criticize, punish), change(exchange, substitute)
53."타동사 A with B"의 형태를 취하는 동사들
*compare, contrast, replace, trust, entrust, charge(책임지우다), endow등의 공급동사들
54."타동사 A on B"의 형태를 취하는 동사들
*congratulate, compliment, confer, impose
55."타동사 A of B"의 형태를 취하는 동사들
*relieve(ease), strip, deprive(rob), rid, clear, inform, remind
*다음 문장이 옳으면 O표, 틀리면 X표를 하시오.
56.She was robbed of her purse.( O )
57.Her purse was stolen.( O )
58.She cannot see this picture without being reminded of her dead father.( O )
59.She never saw this picture but she was thought of her dead father.( X )
60."타동사 A from B"의 형태를 취하는 동사들
*derive, protect(shelter, shield, guard), tell(distinguish, know, separate, discern, differentiate:구별하다), ☺keep(prevent, stop, inhibit, prohibit, deter, stem, ban, hinder, restrain, abstain, hold:막다, 금지하다)
61.다음 문장들을 동일한 의미가 되도록 만들어 보시오
*The heavy rain stopped me from going on a picnic.(※물주구문 - 작문문제)
= The heavy rain forbade me ( to go ) on a picnic. (주어를 부사적으로 해석) - 2 -
= ( Because of ) the heavy rain, I couldn't go on a picnic.
*Due to(Thanks to, Owing to, on account of, on the ground of)를 대신 사용할 수 있다.
= ( Because; As ; Since ) it rained heavily, I couldn't go on a picnic.
62.다음 중 맞는 문장을 고르면? < a.She gave me it. / b.She gave it to me. > - b
*( )에서 알맞은 것을 고르시오.
63.She gave a book (to, for, of, on) me. - bring, write, offer, tell etc - to
64.She bought a book (to, for, of, on) me. - make, get, choose, find etc - for
65.She asked a question (to, for, of, on) me. - demand, inquire etc - of
66.She played a trick (to, for, of, on) me. - on
*다음 문장 중 맞으면 O표, 틀리면 X표를 하시오.
67.The house cost one million dollars to me.( X )
*4형식 절대 동사- save, envy, forgive, pardon, answer etc
68.She was thought of(looked on;upon, seen, viewed, written off, referred to, regarded, considered) as a genius.( O )
*다음 ( )에서 알맞은 것을 고르시오.
69.She watched me (cross, crossing, crossed, to cross) the street.-cross(crossing)
70.She heard the piano (play, to play, playing, played) by him. - played
71.She was seen (to cross, cross, crossing, crossed) the street by him. - to cross, crossing
72.She made him (repair, to repair, repairing, repaired) her computer. - repair
73.She had her picture (taken, to take, taking, take) by a photographer. - taken
74.He was made (to repair, repair, repairing ) her computer by her. - to repair
*사역동사 수동태: let - be allowed to / have - be asked to로 바뀐다
75.She got him (mend, to mend, mending, mended) her chair. - to mend
76.She got her chair (mend, to mend, mended, mending) by him. - mended
77.She helped me do(to do) my homework. - bid(명령하다)도 준사역동사
*( )에 알맞은 것을 넣으시오.
78.She made ( it ) a rule never to break her promise.
79.She took ( it ) for granted that the young should respect the old.
80.The government let ( it ) be known that food prices would be increased.
*다음 문장 중 옳은 문장엔 O표, 틀린 문장엔 X표를 하시오.
81.She wanted to be happy.( O )
82.She wanted me to be happy.( O )
83.She wanted me being happy.( X )
84.She doesn't want me being unhappy.( O )
85.She doesn't want me to be unhappy.( O )
86.She wanted that I would be happy.( X )
87.She hoped to succeed in her life.( O )
88.She hoped that she would succeed in her life.( O )
89.She hoped me to be happy.( X )
90.This house wants being repainted.( X ) - painting(= to be painted)
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제 2 장 - 동사의 시제(동작이나 상태가 언제 일어났는가를 설명)(12시제 - 시제는 ‘상대적’)
*다음 문장 중 맞는 문장엔 O표, 틀린 문장엔 X표를 하시오.
91.When have you been there?( O )
92.She has lived here since last year.( O )
93.She has lived there last year.( X )
94.She has just arrived in Seoul.( O )
95.She has arrived in Seoul just now.( X )
96.When have you finished it?( X )
※현재완료와 함께 쓸 수 없는 어구들:1.--ago 2.last -- 3.yesterday 4.the other day
5.at that time 6.those days 7.just now(just는 현재완료와 함께 쓰임) 8.in 연도
9.in the 연대 10.의문사 when, what time 11.the day before yesterday 12.then
97.He has died 7 years ago.( X )
= He has died for 7 years.( X )
= 7 years have passed since he died.( O )
= It has been(is) 7 years since he died.( O )
98.I don't know when he will arrive here.( O )
99.When he will arrive here, I will leave for Busan.( X )
100.I don't know if(whether) it will rain tomorrow.( O )
101.If it will rain tomorrow, I won't go on a picnic.( X )
102.If you will accompany us, we shall be obliged to you.( O ) - will은 주어의 의지
103.❋현재진행형, 수동태를 사용할 수 없는 동사들:
*have(가지다), become(어울리다), resemble, belong to, etc
104.❋현재진행형을 사용하지 못하는 동사들:
*see, hear, have(가지다), resemble, become, belong to, like, love등
*지각동사인 see, hear은 진행형을 못 쓰지만, watch, listen to는 진행형이 가능하다.
*다음 중 맞는 문장에 O표, 틀린 문장엔 X표를 하시오.
105.He is having his breakfast.( O )
106.I am still loving you.( O )
107.She is seeing the sight of the city.( O )
108.She is hearing the lecture on economics.( O )
109.I had not gone far when(before) I met her.( O )
*( )에 알맞은 것을 고르시오.
110.It will not be long before he (comes, will come) back. - comes
= Soon(Before long, By and by) he (will come , comes). - will come
111.I have (been, gone) to America. - been
112.You have (been, gone) to America. - been
*다음 뜻에 해당하는 어구를 적으시오.
113.( have been to ):1.--에 갔다 온 적이 있다.(경험) 2.--에 갔다 왔다.(완료)
114.( have gone to ):--에 가버렸다(고로 지금 여기엔 없다)(결과) - 1, 2인칭 불가
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*다음 문장들을 같은 뜻이 되게 할 때 ( )에 적절한 것을 넣으시오.
115.As soon as she saw me, I took to my heels.
= on(Upon) her seeing me, I took to my heels.
= The moment(instant, minute) she saw me, I took to my heels.
= Immediately(Directly, Instantly, Momently) she saw me, I took to my heels.
= She ( had ) ( no ) ( sooner ) seen me than I took to my heels.
= No sooner ( had ) she seen me ( than ) I took to my heels.
= (Hardly; Scarcely) ( had ) she seen me, when(before) I took to my heels.
= She had scarcely(hardly) seen me, ( when ; before ) I took to my heels.
*다음 문장의 ( )에 알맞은 것을 고르시오.
116.She said that she (will, would) go to the museum. - would
117.She learned that honesty (is , was) the best policy. - is
118.She learned that the earth (moves , moved) round the sun. - moves
119.She said that she (goes , went) to church every Sunday. - goes
120.She said that she (goes , went) to church last Sunday. - went
121.She learned that Columbus (had discovered, discovered) America. - discovered
제 3 장 - 조동사
*다음의 의미를 적어 보시오.
122.S should(ought to) have p.p : --했어야만 했다(실제로는 하지 못했다)
123.S shouldn't(ought not to) have p.p : --하지 않았어야 했다(실제로는 해 버렸다)
124.S may have p.p : --였을지 모른다
125.S can't have p.p : --였을 리가 없다
126.S must have p.p : --였음에 틀림없다
127.S need have p.p : --할 필요가 있었는데(하지 않았다)
128.S needn't have p.p : --할 필요가 없었는데(했다)
129.S could have p.p: --할 수 있었을텐데(하지 않았다)
130.S couldn't have p.p: --할 수 없었을텐데(해버렸다)
131.S had better(may as well) have p.p: --하는 게 좋았을 텐데(하지 않았다)
132.S used to 동.원:1.(--하곤 했다 ) 2.(왕년에 --였다 )(현재와 반대되는 과거의 사실)
133.S be used to 동.원: --에 사용(이용)되다
134.S be(get, become, grow) used to --ing(명사): --에 익숙하다(해지다)
= S be(get, become, grow) accustomed to --ing(명사) = be inured(habituated) to -ing(명사)
*다음 ( )에서 알맞은 것은?
135.I suggested that he (should go , went) to the meeting. - should go
136.His remark suggested that the accident (should happen, had happened, must have happened) on the zebra crossing. - had happened(must have happened)
137.He insisted that the accident (should happen, had happened, must have happened) on the zebra crossing. - had happened(must have happened)
138.It's essential that a good worker (should be , is , be) efficient. - should be(be)

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139.“우리는 그를 아무리 칭찬해도 지나치지 않다.”
*We cannot praise him too much. = We cannot overpraise him.
= We cannot praise him enough. = We cannot praise him to excess.
= It is impossible (for us) to overpraise him.
140.“S may well Ⓡ”과 “S may(might) as well Ⓡ"
*S may well Ⓡ = S have a good reason to Ⓡ = It is natural(no wonder) that S (should) Ⓡ = It is natural(no wonder) for 목적격 to Ⓡ. :"--하는 게 당연하다“
*S may(might) as well Ⓡ = S had better Ⓡ :"--하는 게 좋다“
*S may(might) as well Ⓡ as Ⓡ' = S had(would) better(sooner, rather) Ⓡ than Ⓡ'
=S prefer --ing to --ing = S prefer to Ⓡ rather than (to) Ⓡ
*다음 문장들을 같은 의미로 바꿀 때 ( )를 채우면?
141.She may as well study ( as ) play.
= She had better study ( than ) ( play ).
= She prefers ( studying ) to ( playing ).
= She prefers to study ( rather ) ( than ) to play.
*다음 ( )에서 옳은 것을 고르면?
142.It (need , needs) hardly be said that health is above wealth. - need
143.She needs (to do , do) her homework now. - to do
144.She doesn't need (to do , do) her homework now. - to do
= She needn't (to do , do) her homework now. - do
145.She didn't dare (to meet, meet) with men on an equal basis. - to meet
= She dared not (meet, to meet) with men on an equal basis. - meet
제4장 - 가정법
146.가정법 현재:If S 현재동사(Ⓡ) ---, S' 조동사 현재형 + Ⓡ ----.
147.가정법 미래:If S should Ⓡ ---, S' 조동사 과거형(현재형) + Ⓡ ---.
If S would Ⓡ ---, S' 조동사 과거형(현재형) + Ⓡ ---.
*If S were to Ⓡ ---, S' 조동사 과거형 + Ⓡ ---.
148.If I ( were ) rich, I could buy a house. = As I am not rich, I can't buy a house.
149.If I ( had ) ( been ) rich, I could have helped the poor.
= As I was not rich, I couldn't help the poor.
150.혼합가정:If S had p.p ---과거 부사(구, 절), S' 조동사 과거형 + Ⓡ ---현재부사(구,절).
*If she had worked harder then, she would succeed in her life now. - succeed가 정답
151.I wish I were rich. = I am sorry(regret) I am not rich.
152.I wish I had been rich. = I am sorry I was not rich.
153.I wished I were rich. = I was sorry I was not rich.
154.I wished I had been rich. = I was sorry I had not been rich.
*두 문장 중 맞는 문장을 고르시오.
155.(a.I wish it rained tomorrow. / b.I wish it would rain tomorrow.) - b
156.(a.I wish I would(should) succeed. / b.I wish you(he, she, they) would succeed. -b
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157.She talks as if she (were, was) rich. = In fact, she is not rich. - were
158.She talks as if she (had been, has been) rich. = In fact, she was not rich. - had been
159.She talked as if she were rich. = In fact, she (was, were) not rich. - was
160.She talked as if she had been rich. = In fact, she (had, has) not been rich. - had
*다음 문장을 같은 의미의 문장으로 만들면?
161.Without water, all the animals in this world would die.
= ( But ) ( for ) water, all the animals in this world would die.
= If it were not for water, all the animals in this world would die.
= ( Were ) it not for water, all the animals in this world would die.
= If there were no water, all the animals in this world would die.
162.But for air, all the creatures in this world would have died.
= ( Without ) air, all the creatures in this world would have died.
= If it had not been for air , all the creatures in this world would have died.
= ( Had ) it not been for air, all the creatures in this world would have died.
= If there had been no air, all the creatures in this world would have died.
163.It is about(high) time for her to go to bed.
= It is about(high) time (that) she ( went ) to bed.
= It is about(high) time (that) she ( should ) ( go ) to bed.
164.A true friend would not act like that.
= If he ( were ) a true friend, he would not like that.
165.To hear him talk, you would have taken him for a German.
= If you (had ) (heard ) him talk, you would have mistaken him for a German.
166.I would not act like that in your shoes(place).
= I wouldn't act like that, if I ( were ) in your place.
= If I ( were ) you, I wouldn't act like that.
*( )에서 알맞은 것을 고르면?
167.She would fail in the test, (unless, save that, otherwise) she studies hard. - save that
= (Except that, Unless) she studies hard, she would fail in it. - Except that
168.(But that, Unless) she studies hard, she will fail in it. - Unless
169.She would have failed in the test, (but that, unless, otherwise) she studied hard. - but that
=(Except, Unless, Otherwise) she studied hard, she would have failed in the test. -Except
170.She studies hard; (otherwise, but that, unless) she would fail in it. - otherwise
171.She worked hard; otherwise she would have failed in it.
= She worked hard; if she hadn't worked hard, she would have failed in it.
172.She worked hard, otherwise she would fail in her life now.
제 5 장 - 수동태(목적어를 가지는 타동사여야 하며 목적어가 주어 자리에 옴)
173.A number of political prisoners will be (releasing, released) soon. - released
*옳은 문장엔 O표, 틀린 문장엔 X표를 하시오.
174.She was spoken by a foreigner.( X ) = A foreigner spoke to her.
175.It was come by by her.( O ) = She came by it.
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176.The young must look up to the old. = The old must be looked up by the young.( X )
177.She spoke well of him. = He was well spoken of by her.( O )
178.She paid attention to the lecture.=The lecture was paid attention by her.( X )
179.She took good(great) care of him. = He was taken good care by her.( X )
180.Good care was taken of him by her.( O )
181.She was given a book by him.( O )
182.A book was given for her by him.( X )
183.A book was bought for her by him.( O )
184.A chair was made for her by him.( O )
185.A question was asked of me by her.( O )
186.I was made a pretty doll by her.( X )
187.She was bought a book by him.( X )
188.She was read a book by him.( X )
189.She was written a letter by him.( X )
*다음 문장들을 같은 의미로 만들 때 ( )에 들어갈 알맞은 것은?
190.(He ) was elected president of Korea. = They elected him president of Korea.
200.※지각, 사역동사의 수동태※ - 제 1 장 동사편 참조
201.She is regarded(is looked on;upon, is thought of, is seen, is referred to,
is written off, is considered, is viewed) as a poet.
202.( )에 알맞은 전치사를 넣으시오. - *by이외의 전치사를 쓰는 수동태
*be caught ( in ) a shower:소나기를 만나다 *be covered ( with ):--로 덮여 있다
*be satisfied(gratified, contented) ( with ):--에 만족하다 *be crowded ( with ):--로 붐비다
*be disappointed(discouraged, disheartened) at(with):--에 실망하다
*be concerned(troubled, worried) ( about ):--에 대해 걱정하다
*be filled ( with ):--로 가득차다 *be interested ( in ):--에 흥미를 가지다
*be surprised(amazed, alarmed, astonished, startled, astounded, frightened) at:--에 놀라다
*제품 be made ( of ) 재료: 물리적 변화 *제품 be made ( from ) 재료: 화학적 변화
*재료 be made ( into ) 제품 *be injected with:--로 주입되다
203.Everybody knows him. = He is known ( to ) everybody.(--에게 알려져 있다)
204.He is known ( for ) his novels.(- 때문에 유명하다)
205.He is known as a novelist.(자격:--로서)
206.A man is known ( by ) the company he keeps.
207.A tree is known ( by ) its fruit.
208.**Nobody can do it. → It can be done by nobody.(X)
→ It can not be done by anybody.(O)
209.**It seems(seemed) that nobody took(had taken) care of him.
= It seems(seemed) that he was not taken(had not been taken) care of by anybody.
=※He seems(seemed) not to have been taken care of by anybody.※


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★※목적어가 명사절인 문장의 수동태※ - 작문문제, 문법문제
*People(We, They) say(think, suppose, believe, know, report) that S' + V' --.
→That S' + V' -- be + p.p (by people, us, them)
→It be p.p that S'+ V' ---. →S' be + p.p to Ⓡ(시제일치)/to have p.p(한시제 빠름)
**다음을 영어로 옮길 때 ( )에 알맞은 것을 넣으면?
210.그들은 그가 유명한 작가였다(였었다)고 말한다(말했다).
= 그는 유명한 작가였다고(였었다고) 말해진다(말해졌다).
*They say(said) that he was(had been) a famous writer.
=That he was(had been) a famous writer is(was) said (by them.)
=It is(was) said that he was(had been) a famous writer.
=He is(was) said ( to have been ) a famous writer.
211.그는 전쟁에서 자살한 것으로 보고된다(되었다).
*He is(was) reported ( to have killed ) himself in the war.
212.그는 전쟁에서 죽은 것으로 보고된다(되었다).
*He is(was) reported ( to have been killed ) in the war.
213.그는 전쟁에서 많은 적들을 죽인 것으로 보고된다(되었다.)
*He is(was) reported ( to have killed ) many foes in the war.
214.사람들은 이 책이 오래전에 출판된 것으로 믿고 있다
*This book is believed ( to have been published ) a long time ago.

제 6 장 - 부정사(문장안에서 일반적으로 명사, 형용사, 부사의 역할을 한다.)
215.S + cause(expect,want,tell,ask,allow,encourage,force,oblige,impel,compel,urge) + O + O.C(to Ⓡ)
*다음 문장들을 같은 의미로 만들 때 ( )에 들어갈 알맞은 것은?
216.It's very easy ( for ) me to read this book.
= ( This ) ( book ) is very easy for me to read.
217.It's so kind ( of ) you to show me the way to the airport.
= ( You ) are so kind to show me the way to the airport.
*다음 ( )에서 알맞은 것을 고르시오.
218.He decided (not to break, to not break) his promise. - not to break
219.I don't know (to do, what to do). - what to do
*"의문사 to Ⓡ"을 목적어로 취하는 동사들: know, wonder, explain, think, teach etc
*의문사 + to Ⓡ = 의문사 + S + should + Ⓡ
*다음 문장이 맞으면 O표, 틀리면 X표를 하시오.
220.He has enough money to buy a new house.( O )
221.He has money enough to buy a new house.( O )
222.He is rich enough to buy a new house.( O )
223.He is enough rich to buy a new house.( X )
*다음 문장들을 같은 의미의 문장들로 바꿀 때 ( )에 들어갈 알맞은 것은?
224.It seems(appears) that she is rich. = She seems(appears) ( to be ) rich.
225.It seems that she was(has been) rich. = She seems ( to have been ) rich.
226.She seemed to be rich. = It seemed that she ( was ) rich.
227.She seemed to have been rich. = It seemed that she ( had been ) rich. - 9 -
228.다음 문장을 같은 의미의 문장으로 바꿀 때 ( )에 들어갈 것은?
*She stayed at home (so)(that) she might(would, could) not meet him.
=She stayed at home (in order) that she might(would, could) not meet him.
=She stayed at home (so as) ( not to ) meet him.
=She stayed at home (in order) ( not to ) meet him.
=She stayed at home for the purpose of ( not meeting ) him.
=She stayed at home with the intention of ( not meeting ) him.
=She stayed at home with a view ( to not meeting ) him.
=She stayed at home lest she (should) meet him.
=She stayed at home for fear (that) she should meet him.
=She stayed at home in case she should meet him.
=She stayed at home for fear of ( meeting ) him.
229.다음 문장들을 같은 의미의 문장으로 만들 때 ( )에서 알맞은 것을 고르면?
*She was so smart that she could (understand it, understand). - understand it
=She was so smart as to (understand it, understand). - understand it
=She was so smart a girl that she could understand it.
=She was such a smart girl that she could understand it.
=She was smart enough to (understand, understand it). - understand it
230.This computer is so cheap that I can (buy it, buy). - buy it
= This computer is cheap enough for me to (buy, buy it) - buy
231.This book was so hard that she couldn't (read it, read). - read it
= This book was too hard for her (to read, to read it). - to read
232.She was so obstinate that I couldn't persuade her.
= She was too obstinate (for me, of me) to persuade her. - for me
233.You are never too late to learn everything you want.(아무리 --해도 --할 수 있다.)
※사람을 주어로 할 수 없는 형용사:possible, impossible, natural, important, necessary, easy, hard, difficult, dangerous, pleasant, convenient et
※“It - for 목적격 to Ⓡ‘에서 to부정사의 목적어는 원주어가 될 수 있다.
*맞는 문장엔 O표, 틀린 문장엔 X표를 하시오.
234.She is hard (for you) to please.( O )
235.She is pleasant (for you) to get along with.( O )
*다음 문장을 같은 의미의 문장으로 만들 때 ( )에 들어갈 알맞은 것은?
236.He forgot to mail the letter. = He forgot that he ( would ) ( mail ) the letter.
237.He remembered mailing(having mailed) the letter.
= He remembered that he ( had ) ( mailed ) the letter.
*( )에서 알맞은 것을 고르시오.
238.She regrets not (working, having worked) hard when she was young. - having worked
*다음 ( )에서 우리말에 해당되는 것을 고르시오.
239.그녀는 영어로 일기를 쓰기 위해서 노력했습니다.
*She tried to keep a diary in English.
240.그녀는 담배를 끊었습니다.*She stopped smoking. - 10 -
*다음의 문장들이 맞으면 O표, 틀리면 X표를 하시오.
241.You may go home, if you want to.( O )
242.They were believed to generally change.( O )
243.다음 어구들의 의미를 적어 보시오.
*to tell the truth:( 사실대로 말하자면 ) *strange to say:( 이상한 말이지만 )
*to be frank with you:( 솔직히 말하자면 ) = frankly speaking
*so to speak:( 소위, 이른바, 말하자면 ) = as it were = what you(we, they) call
= what is called = so called
*to make matters worse:( 설상가상으로 )
*not to mention:( --은 고사하고, -은커녕, -은 말할 필요도 없이 ) = let alone
= not to speak of = to say nothing of = much less = still less = much more = still more
*다음 ( )에서 알맞은 것을 고르시오.
244.She can speak English (much less, still less, much more, still more) German.
- much more, still more
245.She can't speak English (much less, still less, much more, still more) German.
- much less, still less
*다음의 ( )에 알맞은 것을 넣으시오.
246.There is no one who will help me. = There is no one ( to ) ( help ) me.
※'to 동.원' 다음에 전치사가 필요한 경우인 지 반드시 확인할 것.
247.There is no chair to sit ( on / in ).
248.He has two children to look after.
= He has two children to take care ( of ). = He has two children to care ( for ).
249.I want some scissors to cut my nails ( with ).
250.He will have to hire a room to hold the party ( in ).
251.He has no friends to play ( with ).
252.형용사적 서술용법(S be to 용법) - 문맥에 따라 5가지로 해석 가능
a.예정:be due to 동.원 (EX)He is to arrive tomorrow morning.
b.의무:must = have to (EX)He is to do his homework by tomorrow.
c.의도:intend to (EX)He is not to hurt her.
d.가능:can=be able to=be capable of (EX)He is to read and write.
e.운명:be doomed(destined) to (EX)His hope was never to come true.
*( )에서 알맞은 것을 고르시오.
253.She was never (to see, seeing, being seen) his family again. - to see
254.미래동사(want, hope, wish, desire, expect, mean, intend, promise)
*S 미래동사 과거형 to have p.p ---. = S had + 미래동사 p.p to Ⓡ ---.
=S 미래동사 과거형 to Ⓡ --, but S' didn't Ⓡ ---. :과거에 이루지 못한 소망을 나타냄
*다음 문장들을 같은 뜻이 되도록 할 때 ( )에 들어갈 알맞은 것은?
* She hoped to have become a public servant.
= She ( had ) ( hoped ) ( to ) ( become ) a public servant.
= She hoped to become a public servant, ( but ) ( she ) ( didn't ).
- 11 -


제 7 장 - 동명사(동사의 성질을 가지고 명사(S, O, C)의 역할을 하는 "--ing"형태)
*다음 ( )에서 알맞은 것을 고르시오.
255.I am sure of (not failing, not to fail, to not fail,) in the final exam. -not failing
256.I am proud of (his, he, him) being honest. - his, him
257.He is proud of (his son's, his son) being honest. - his son's, his son
258.I am proud of (my car, my car's) being brand-new. - my car
259.She objected to (everyone, everyone's) smoking. - everyone
*다음 우리말에 적절한 것을 ( )에서 고르시오.
260.그는 그녀가 부자였던 것을 자랑스러워 한다.
*He is proud of her (having been, being) rich. - having been
261.그는 그녀가 부자였었던 것을 자랑스러워했습니다.
*He was proud of her (being, having been) rich. - having been
262.*동명사만을 목적어로 취하는 동사:resist, give up, deny, enjoy, mind, admit, finish, stop, avoid, consider, postpone, put off 등
*부정사만을 목적어로 취하는 동사:wish, hope, want, decide, desire, learn, refuse, promise, manage등
*부정사와 동명사 둘 다 목적어로 취하는 동사:begin, start, continue, try, hate, like, love, prefer, propose
*다음 ( )에서 옳은 것을 고르면?
263.She persuaded(enabled) me (to do it / from doing it). - to do it
264.She dissuaded(disabled) me (to do it / from doing it). - from doing it
◈ 동 명 사․관 용 구 ◈
*다음 ( )에서 알맞은 것을 고르시오.
265.～하지 않을 수 없다: can't help --ing
= cannot help but 동.원 = can't but 동.원
= can‘t choose but 동.원
= have no choice(alternative) but to 동.원
(여기서 help=avoid, escape, resist, forbear, refrain from의 의미)
266.～해봤자 소용없다: It's no use(good) --ing
= It's of no use(good) to 동.원(--ing) = It is useless to 동.원
= There is no use(good) (in) ～ing = What's the use of ～ing ?
267. ～할 수 없다 : There is no --ing
= It's impossible to 동.원 = We cannot 동.원 = No one can 동.원
= We have no way of --ing
268..～하고 싶어하다 :feel like --ing
= feel inclined to 동.원 = be tempted(disposed) to 동.원 = have a mind to 동.원
269. ～금지 : No ～ing (EX) No parking, No smoking
270. ～하자마자 : on(Upon) --ing = As soon as + S + V
271. 자신이 직접 ～한 : of one's own --ing = p.p by oneself
- 12 -
272. ～할 가치가 있다 : be worth --ing
= be worthy of ～ing(명사) = be worthy to 동.원 = It is worth while ～ing( to 동.원 )
※be worth -ing = by worthy of -ing에서, ‘수동의미’를 가지지만, ‘능동동명사’가 온다.
*This city is worth visiting
= This city is worthy of visiting.
273.☞☞ need, want, require, deserve은 이들 동사다음에 '수동의미'를 나타내려면,
※동명사 - 능동동명사, 부정사 - 수동부정사※로 처리한다.
*This house needs painting.(= to be painted)
274. ～하는 것을 규칙으로 하다 : make a point of～ing
= be in the habit of ～ing
= make it a rule(point) to 동.원 = have(make) a habit of ～ing
275. ～하는 게 어때요 : What do you say to --ing
= What do you think of ～ing = What(How) about ～ing
= Why don't you 동.원 ? = Let's 동.원 ～, shall we ?
276. ～하는 건 말할 필요도 없다 : (It is a matter) of course (that) S+V
= It goes without saying that +S+V
= (It's) needless to say (that) S+V
277. 하마터면 ～할 뻔하다 : come(go, be) near ～ing = nearly(narrowly) escape～ing
278.. 막 ～하려 하다 : be on the point(verge, edge, brink, threshold) of ～ing
= be about to 동.원
279. 요구하기만 하면 : for the asking = If only you ask
280. ～할 때 : In ～ing = When(While) S+V
281. -함으로써 : by --ing
282. ～할 능력이 있다 : be equal to ～ing ◉ equal: ⓐ같은, 동등한; 감당할 수 있는
283.～하면 언제나 …한다:cannot(no, never)～ without ～ing(but +S+V …)
= Whenever～,… = When ～,…always … = At anytime <Every(Each) time>～,……
284. ～하느라 바쁘다 : be busy (in) (～ing / to 동.원) : be busy with + ⓝ
285.결코 ～않다 : far from ～ing = never +V
286. 계속해서 ～하다 : keep (on) ～ing = go(carry) on --ing
287. ~을 갈망하다: look forward to ～ing
= expect to 동.원 = anticipate --ing
= long(yearn) to Ⓡ(for～ing:ⓝ) = be anxious to Ⓡ = be anxious for ～ing(ⓝ)
288. 실례를 무릅쓰고 ～하다 : take the liberty of ～ing(to Ⓡ) liberty ; 관용, 무례, 자유
289. ～에 익숙하다 : be(get) used to -ing / to 동.원 / 동.원)
= be(get) accustomed (to -ing / to 동.원 / 동.원)
290. ～을 반대하다 : be opposed (to -ing
= object to -ing = have an objection to～ing(ⓝ)
291. ～에 공헌하다 : contribute to -ing
292. ～에 주의를 돌리다 : turn one's attention to -ing
293. ～에 빠지다, 정이 들다 : take to -ing
294. 지체없이 ～하다 : lose no time (in) -ing - 13 -
295. ～에 어려움을 겪다:have a hard(tough, difficult) time (in) -ing
= have (difficulty, trouble) (in) -ing
296. O를 ～하는데 바치다 : devote(dedicate) + O + to -ing
297.～에 전념하다 : dedicate(apply, devote) oneself to -ing
= be committed (devoted, dedicated) to -ing
= be absorbed(indulged, engrossed) in ～ing(ⓝ)
298. O가 ～못하게 하다 :S + (keep, deter, hinder, prohibit, stem) + O + from ～ing
(cf)stem from = come from (stop, inhibit, prevent, restrain, abstain, ban)
= S + forbid + O + to 동.원
299.～하느라 O를 보내다 :S spend + 시간 + (in) ～ing(ⓝ) ; 돈 (on)--ing(ⓝ)
(CF)It takes 사람 시간 to 동.원 = It takes 시간 for 사람 to 동.원 ---.
300. 결코 ～할 것 같지 않은 N : above ～ing = the last N to 동․원
301.-에 관해서 말하자면: When it comes to -ing
= As(So) far as S be concerned = As(So) far as S go
= Where S be concerned = Where S go = As to(for) -ing = Talking of -ing
302. --에 중독되다, --에 열중하다 : be addicted to ～ing
제 8 장 - 분사(동사의 성질을 가지고 형용사의 역할을 하는 --ing(현.분), p.p(과.분)
*다음 중에서 맞는 표현을 ( )에서 고르시오.
303.낙엽들: (falling / fallen) leaves - fallen
304.A (drowning / drowned) man will catch at a straw. - drowning
※--ing와 p.p가 ‘사람의 감정’을 나타내는 것일 때는, “명사”가 사람이면 p.p, 사물이면 -ing를 사용
305.The (exciting / excited) children were opening their presents. - excited
306.The (exciting / excited) thing happened to her. - exciting
307.The girl (playing / played) the violin is my sister. - playing
308.The instrument (playing / played) by my sister is the violin. - played
309.A lot of children sat (surrounding / surrounded) an old man. - surrounding
310.An old man sat (surrounding / surrounded) by many children. - surrounded
311.I watched him (crossing / crossed / cross) the street. - crossing, cross
312.I heard the piano (play / played / playing) by Judy. - played
313.She was standing (folding / folded) her arms. - folding
= She was standing with her arms (folded / folding). - folded
314.She was sitting (crossing / crossed) her legs. - crossing
= She was sitting with her legs (crossed / crossing). - crossed
315.She was standing (putting / put) on her hat. - putting
= She was standing with her hat (put) on.
316.※the accusing = plaintiff(원고) ≠ the accused = defendant(피고)
※the deceased :고인(돌아가신 분), the diseased : 환자
317.They took (the wounded / the wounding / the injuring) to the hospital.
- the wounded

- 14 -
*다음 문장의 ( )에서 적절한 표현을 고르시오.
318.(Having, Had) lots of homework to do, I didn't go out. - having
319.(It raining / Raining, Rained) yesterday, I attended the meeting. - It raining
= (Though / If / As) it rained yesterday, I attended the meeting. - Though
320.If we speak frankly, he is an artist.
= (Frankly speaking / Frank speaking), he is an artist. - Frankly speaking
*Judging from:--로 판단해보면 *Generally speaking:일반적으로 말해서
*Strictly speaking:엄격하게 말해서 *Compared with:--와 비교해보면
321.After she had finished studying English, she began to study math.
= Having finished studying English, she began to study math.
322.As he was given a present by me, he was very happy.
= (Giving / Given) a present by me, he was very happy. - Given
323.As it had been written in German, I couldn't read it.
= It having been written in German, I couldn't read it.
324.(Writing, Written) in haste, the letter had few errors. - Written
= Though it had been written in haste, the letter had few errors.
325.Written in haste, the letter had a few errors.
= As it had been written in haste, the letter had a few errors.
326.Because I didn't know what to do, I telephoned the police.
= Not knowing what to do, I telephoned the police.
327.While I was in the hospital, I read a lot of books.
= While (being) in the hospital, I read a lot of books.(접속사의 의미 명확히 하는 경우)
제 9 장 - 명사
328..종류 - 가산명사(보통명사, 집합명사) - 복수형이 있고, 관사를 붙일 수 있다
- 불가산명사(물질명사, 추상명사, 고유명사) - 복수형 없고, 부정관사를 못 씀.
329..집합적물질명사:※furniture, machinery, merchandise, stationery(문방구), luggage, baggage, clothing, information, mail은 복수형도 없고, 부정 관사를 쓰지 못한다. ※stationary:정지해 있는(형용사)
*집합명사와 군집명사:family, class, committee, audience, army, staff, team etc
※구성원의 뜻일때(군집명사)는 복수취급, 전체의 뜻일때(집합명사)는 단수취급
*다음 문장의 ( )에서 알맞은 것을 고르면?
330.His family consists of six.(집단 - 단수)
331.His family (are / is) all diligent.(구성원 - 복수) - are
332.특정직업, 신분: the police, the clergy, the peasantry, the nobility, the jury, etc
(앞에 항상 “the"를 붙이고 복수취급한다)
333.막연한 집합체:cattle, people, poultry, fish, vermin, etc
(앞에 관사를 붙이지 않고, 복수형도 없지만, 복수 취급)
334.불가산 명사의 수량 표시:*a fill of tobacco *a piece of 추상명사(advice, information)
*a loaf of bread *a sheet of paper *an ear of corn *a lump of sugar
*an acre of land *a spoonful of sugar *a sack of rice *a pane of glass
*a piece of advice *a quart of milk *an item of news *a cake of soap - 15 -
*( )에 알맞은 것을 고르시오.
335.She is 13 years old. = She is a 13-year-old girl.
336.This is 20 dollars. = This is a 20-dollar bill.
337.분화복수: 복수형이 되면 단수형과 뜻이 달라지는 명사 - 암기필요
*advices:보도, 통지 *arms:무기 *customs:관세, 세관 *goods:상품 *pains:노고, 수고
*mean(중용)/means:수단, 재산 *manners:예의범절 *letters:문학 *damages:손해배상금
*airs:태도 *authorities:당국 *belongings:재산 *parts:재능 *regards:안부
*spirit(영혼)/spirits:원기, 활력 *wit(이해력)/wits:재치 *content(만족)/contents:항목, 목차
338.이의형 복수:복수형에 따라 의미가 달라지는 명사 - 암기 필요
*brother: brothers(형제) / brethren(동포) *genius: genius(천재) / genii(수호신)
*cloth : cloths(옷감) / clothes(의복) *die :dies(거푸집, 금형) / dice(주사위)
*staff :staffs(참모, 직원)/staves(지팡이, 막대) *index :indexes(찾아보기, 색인)/indices(지표, 지수)
*penny :pennies(낱개의 동전) / pence(가격, 금액) *datum :data(자료) / datums(계측의)기준점
339.구체화 복수: 추상명사 혹은 형용사에 복수형을 붙여 구체적 명사의 개념을 나타냄. - 암기
*goods:상품 *safes:금고 *riches:재산 *valuables:귀중품 *eatables:식료품 *earnings:수입
*regards:안부인사 *savings:저금 *feelings:감정 *circumstances:상황
340.( )에서 알맞은 것을 고르시오. ※상호복수※
*shake hands with:-와 악수하다 *make friends with:--와 친구가 되다
*take turns -ing :교대로 --하다
*exchange seats with:--와 자리를 바꾸다
*change cars(trains, planes):차(기차, 비행기)를 갈아 타다
*be on good terms with:--와 사이가 좋다
341.보통명사의 추상명사화※(the + 단수보통명사 = 추상명사)※
*I felt the patriot rise in myself at the World Cup.(the patriot : 애국심)
*When we are reduced to poverty, the beggar will come out.(the beggar : 거지 근성)
*She felt the mother rise in her heart.(the mother : 모성애)
*He felt the father rise in his heart.(the father : 부성애)
342.추상명사의 보통명사화
*She has done me many kindnesses .(many kindnesses; 많은 친절한 행위들)
*He is a success as a scholar.(a success: 성공한 사람)
*He is a failure as an architect.(a failure:실패자)
343.상시복수명사:trousers, pants, shoes, socks, gloves, stockings, scissors, glasses, chop-sticks, spectacles, pincers, etc ※a pair of를 붙여 세는데 주의할 것
344.합성 명사의 복수형
*lookers-on:방관자 *passers-by:행인 *droppers-in:방문객 *step-mothers:계모
*fathers-in-law:장인, 시아버지 *sons-in-law:사위 *forget me nots:물망초
*touch me nots:봉선화 *go betweens:중개인 *merry go rounds:회전목마
*men-servants:남자하인 *women-drivers:여자운전사 (cf)*man-eaters:식인종
345.“명사 +명사”의 결합
*.원칙적으로 선행명사는 복수형을 쓰지 않는다.
*a book store:책방 *a phone book:전화번호부 *blood type:혈액형 *body weight:몸무게
*brain operation:뇌수술 *a stone bridge;돌다리 *shoe store:구두 가게
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*선행 명사가 복수형이 되어야 의미가 되는 명사
※charities drive:자선 운동 ※goods train:화물열차
※customs officer:세관원 ※honors graduate:우등 졸업생
※economics professor:경제학 교수 ※arithmetic teacher:산수 샘
346.남성, 여성형이 완전히 다른 명사
*nephew(조카)-niece *bull(황소)-cow *lad(소년)- lass *dog(수캐) - bitch *wizard(마법사) - witch
*monk(수도승) - nun *peacock(수컷공작) - peahen *bachelor(독신남) - spinster
347.명사의 소유격: (원칙: 생물명사 - ‘s소유격 , 무생물명사 - of 소유격 )
<예외>※1.특정 시간: Today's news(오늘의 뉴스)
거리: ten miles' distance(10마일의 거리)
무게: two dollars' worth(2달러의 가치)
가격: a pound's weight(1파운드의 무게)
2.의인화: fortune's cruelty(운명의 잔인함) , Nature's law(자연의 법칙)
3.지역. 기관, 천체: London's future(런던의 미래) , the earth's surface(지구의 표면)
※4.관용어구들:by a hair's breadth(가까스로, 간신히) , at a stone's throw(엎어지면 코 닿을 곳에)
at one's wit's(wits') end(ends)(어찌할 바 모르는), to one's heart's content(마음껏)
for mercy's sake(for God's sake:제발)
have - at one's fingers' ends:--에 정통하다
348.※이중소유격: a(an), this, that, these, those, some, any, no, other, another은
소유격과 나란히 사용하지 못한다.
※이중소유격 형태: “위의 어구들 + 명사 of + 소유대명사(★)”
*my these books(x) → these books of (mine / me / I / my) -mine
*my father's another friend(x) → another friend of my father's
제 10 장 - 관사(부정관사 - a, an ; 정관사 - the)
349.※"a(an) + 명사“는 ”the(this, that) + 명사“보다 앞에 나온다.
*( )에서 알맞은 것을 고르시오.
350.(Water / The water) of this well is not good to drink. - the water
351.지정된 시간이나 단위를 나타낼 때:※“by the 단위명사”
(EX)by the pound, by the meter, by the dollar, by the hour. by the yard
352.고유명사인 국가명은 관사 필요 없으나, 복수형 국가명은 관사 “the" 필요함(단수취급)
(EX)Korea, Japan, ; the United States of America, the Philippines, the Netherlands
353.※“S는 --의 신체일부(옷)을 잡다(치다, 보다).”
※S + 잡다(take, catch, hold, seize) + 목적격 + by the 신체일부(옷).
※S + 치다(hit, strike, pat) + 목적격 + on the 신체일부(옷).
※S + 보다(see, look, stare) + 목적격 + in the 신체일부(옷).
354.( )에서 알맞은 것을 고르시오. - 부정관사 a와 an의 선택(발음상으로 선택)
*a boy *a hole *a union *a university
*a used car *a useful idea an officer
*an M.P.(헌병 한 명) *an S.O.S.(구조신호) *a PTA(사친회)
355.부정관사의 여러 가지 의미;1.하나의 2.--마다(per) 3.어떤(certain) 4.약간의(some) 5.동일한(same) - (EX)1.Birds of a feather flock together. 2.We are of an age.
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356.☞어순 주의해야 할 단어들☜
♠"so(as, too, how;ever) + 형용사 + 관사 + 명사" 어순에 주의 - 암기:so pretty a girl
♠"such(quite, rather, many, what;ever) + 관사 + 형용사 + 명사" 어순에 주의
*암기어구:such a pretty girl
*단, “관사 + quite(rather) + 형용사 + 명사”도 사용가능하다.
※“all(both, double, half) + the(소유격, 지시형용사) + 명사” - (O)
“the(소유격, 지시형용사) + all(both, double, half) + 명사” - (X)
357.운동명, 학과명, 식사명, 질병명앞에는 관사를 생략하나, 악기명앞에는 관사 “the"를 사용함358.※관직, 신분명이 1.보어로 사용되거나, 2.동격의 위치에 있을 때는 관사를 생략한다.
*Johnson was elected (chairman / the chairman) of my class. - chairman
*(The president / President) of Korea was impeached on March, 12. - The president
*Mr. Roh, (the president / president) of Korea was impeached on March, 12. - president
359.※장소를 나타내는 명사가 본래의 목적으로 쓰일 경우에는 관사를 생략한다.
*go to school :수업 받으러 가다 *after school:방과 후
*go to sea: become a sailor *go to court:재판받으러 가다 *go to bed:자다
*go to church : 예배 보러 가다 *after church: 예배 후
*go to court:재판받으러 가다 *go to bed:자다 *take to prison:투옥(수감)하다
*in prison:수감중 *in the prison:감옥안에서 *at table:under eating *at the table:식탁에서
360.※by와 함께 쓰인 교통, 통신수단의 표시에는 관사를 생략한다.
*버스로:by bus = in a bus = in buses
*전화로:by telephone *전보로:by telegram
361.정관사 “the"를 쓰는 관용구 - 암기 필요
*(early) in the morning:(이른) 아침에 *to the point:요령있게, 적절하게
*in the wrong:틀린, 잘못된 *on the rise:상승하는
*to the full:충분히 *to the bone:뼈속까지
*on the way:도중에 (EX)on the morning of May sixth
362.부정관사 관용구 - 암기 필요
*at a high price(rate, speed):고가(비율, 고속)에 *as a rule:대체적으로 = on the whole
363.※“(관사) + 명사”※의 조심해야 할 관용어구들 - 필히 암기해 둘 것
*of moment:중대한 = momentous *of the moment:찰나의, 순간적인 = momentary
※out of question:틀림없는 = without(no, beyond) question = no(beyond) doubt = certain
※out of the question:불가능한 = impossible
*beside the question:요점을 벗어난 = out of the point = wide of the mark
*in question:논쟁중의 = at issue, 미해결의 = in the air
*behind time:시간에 늦은 = late *ahead of time:시간보다 일찍
*behind the time:시대에 뒤진 = obsolete = out of date, old-fashioned
*take place:일어나다, 발생하다 *take the place of:--을 대체하다 = replace
*keep house:살림하다 = manage household tasks *keep the house:집을 지키다 = stay indoors
*have a rest:휴식하다 *have the rest:나머지를 갖다, 골동품을 갖다
*in town:읍내에서 *in a/the town:어느/그 읍에서
*in the country:시골에서 *in a country:어떤 나라에서
*in course of:--하는 과정에서 = under *in the course of:--하는 동안에 = during


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제 11 장 - 대명사:앞에 나오는 명사를 받을 때 단수는 단수로, 복수는 복수로 받는다.
364.A:Do you have a pen? B:Yes, I have (one / it). - one
365.A:Do you have my pen? B:Yes, I have (one / it). - it
366.※대명사 one을 사용할 수 없는 경우(one은 원래 수사에서 유래했음을 유의할 것)
*"물질명사", "추상명사"의 대용어로는 사용할 수 없다.
*"수사", "소유격 + own", "the + 비교급“, ”형용사의 최상급“다음에는 쓸 수 없다.
367.* It seems(appears) that S' + V' -- = S' seem(appear)(s) to 동.원(--인 것 같다)
* It happens(chances) that S' + V' -- = S' happen(chance)(s) to 동.원(우연히 --하다)
368.It be --that강조구문:※전체 문장에서 "It be that"을 삭제하면 나머지가 완전한 문장이 된다.
*It is you that are to blame. *It was him that she hit.
*It was he that represented his country in the United Nations.
※"It be 형용사 that S' + V'--"구문은 가주어, 진주어 구문이다. - “It be와 that 사이에 형용사”
(EX)It was clear that she was rich.
369.I don't like to say this, but I'm not happy with the service here.
370.*think,believe,suppose,say,guess등의 동사 뒤에서 앞에 나온 문장 전체를
so(긍정문), not(부정문)으로 줄여 쓸 수 있다.
(EX)A:He will win the game. B:I think so.(=I hope so.) / I think not.(=I am afraid not.)
※다음 문제들의 ( )에서 적절한 것을 고르시오.
371.The population of Seoul is much larger than that of Pusan.
372.The ears of rabbits are longer than (those / that) of dogs. - those
373.His behavior is not (that / those) of a gentleman. - that
374.The total weight of all the ants in the world is far greater than (that / those) of all the human beings. - that
375.When the first settlers saw the natives in America, they found physical features that were different from (those / that) of Europeans. - those
376.Homemade products are not always inferior to those from abroad.
377.There are two doctors among my friends; one is a surgeon, and the other (is) a dentist.
378.the one --, the other ～. = that --, this ～. = the former --, the latter ～. :
"전자는--, 후자는 ～이다."(순서가 있음)
①There are a dog and a fox; this is cunning and that is faithful.
②Reading is easy, and thinking is hard work, but the one is useless without the other.
379.One --, another(a second)～, and the third(the other).... : 3개만 있을때
380.One --, another(a second) --, and a third --.:3개보다 많은 개체가 있는데, 3개까지 설명할 때
381.특정 숫자 --, and the others ～: 다수의 개체가 있을때
*There are many dogs; two are mine and the others are hers.
382."어떤 것들은 --이고, 다른 것들은 ～이다.":Some -- and others --.
383.어떤 것들은 --이고, 다른 모든 것들은 ～이다. :Some --, and the others ～
※여러 개체중에서 선택하고 남은 모든 것을 나타낼 때에는 'the'를 붙인다.※
384.A learned man is not always a good teacher,
for to know much is one thing, and to teach well is another.
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*( )에서 알맞은 것을 고르시오.
385. A:She is rich. B:So she is. = (Yes;Indeed;really, she is)
386. A:She is rich. B:So is he. = (He is rich, too.)
387. A:She is not rich. B:Neither am I. = (I am not rich, either)
388. A:She is not rich, and neither do I wish to be. - ( = not + either)
389. A:She can't play the piano. B: Neither can I.
390. A:She likes him. B:So does he.
391. A:She hasn't arrived here yet. B:Neither have her parents.
392.*명사 such as 명사(들) = such 명사 as 명사(들) = for example:예를 들면
393.He is a great poet, and so should be respected as (such / it / one). - such
394.*the most 형용사 명사 :가장 --한 명사 *a most 형용사 명사 :아주 --한 명사
*most 명사 :대부분의 명사 *most of the(소유격, 지시형용사) 명사 :명사의 대부분 *다음 ( )에서 맞는 것을 고르시오.
395.Most (the people / people) (is / are) good. - people, are
396.Most of (the people / people) (is / are) good. - the people, are
397.Most of my apple (is / are) rotten. - is
398.*Most (people / everyone) - people *Almost (people / everyone) - everyone
399.(almost / most) all the people - almost
400.부정대명사 All: “사람”의 의미일 때(복수취급) , “사물”의 의미일때(단수취급)
(CF)None but the brave deserve(s) the fair. 용감한 자만이 미인을 얻을 자격이 있다.
401.Every;Each child has his( his or her) own duty.
401.부분부정(not + 전체를 나타내는 어구들 - ‘not'이 “--한 것은 아니다”로 해석)
*not + always(all, every, both, necessarily, altogether, completely, totally etc)
(EX) *All that glitters is not gold. *The rich are not always happy..
*다음 문장이 맞으면 O표, 틀리면 X표를 하시오.
402.Someone can do it.( O )
403.Anyone can do it.( O )
404.Will(Would, Could) you have(like) some cake?( O )
405.Anyone can't do it.( X )
406.No one can do it.( O )
407.She is too stupid to read anything profound.( O )
제 12 장 -☞의문문 관련 구문☜
*다음 ( )를 채워 넣으시오.
408.He doesn't know. + How old is she?
= He doesn't know ( how ) ( old ) ( she ) ( is ).
409.I don't know. + Will it rain tomorrow?
= I don't know (if; whether) (it) (will) rain tomorrow.
410.Do you know?. + Who broke the window?
= Do you know ( who ) ( broke ) ( the window )?
411.Do you suppose? + Where did they go fishing yesterday? - 20 -
= ( Where ) do you suppose ( they ) ( went ) fishing yesterday?
*문장의 본동사가 "think, suppose, guess, imagine, expect, say, believe"일 때, 의문사가 문두로 나온다.
*다음 ( )를 채워 보시오.
412.Who knows if he will pass the test?
= ( No ) ( one ) ( knows ) if he will past the test.
413.Why should we repair the old when we can buy the new?
= We ( needn't ) ( repair ) the old when we can buy the new.
414.What would I not give to see her again?
= I would ( give ) ( anything ) to see her again.
415.Who that has read "Romeo and Juliet" can forget its story?
= Anyone(Everyone) who has read "Romeo and Juliet" ( remembers ) its story.
3.부가의문문: 평서문의 마지막 부분에 동사와 주어를 부가(tag)함으로써 의문문화시킨 것
416.<부가의문문 만드는 원칙>
S + V ----------, V' + S'?
*.S는 명사와 대명사를 다 사용할 수 있지만, S'는 대명사만 사용 가능하다.
*.V 가 be동사이면 V'를 be동사로, 조동사이면 조동사를, 일반동사이면 do조동사를 이용한다.
*.V가 긍정이면 V'는 부정으로, V가 부정이면 V'는 긍정으로 한다.
*.V'가 부정일 경우, 항상 축약형을 사용한다.
(EX)Mary can speak English, can't she?(O) , cannot she?(X)
*.명령문은 무조건, will you?로 하고, 간접명령문(Let's--)은 ,shall we?로 한다.
*.V가 have to 동.원이면, V'는 don't조동사를 이용하고
used to 동.원이면, V'는 didn't를 이용하고
had better이면 , V'는 hadn't를 이용하고
would rather이면, V'는 wouldn't를 이용한다.
*.S + hardly(scarcely, barely, rarely, seldom) V ----, 긍정동사 + S'?가 된다.
*.There V + S ------, V' + there?가 된다.
*.S + V --- and(but, or) S' + V' -----,에서는 뒷 문장의 주어(S')와 동사(V')에 일치시킨다.
*.S + V 종속접속사 S' + V' ----에서는, 앞 문장의 주어(S)와 동사(V)에 일치시킨다.
*.S don't think(guess, suppose..) that S' + 긍정V'---. 에서는 뒷 문장의 V'와 S'에 일치시키 는데, I don't think that Mary will sing a song, will she?
-앞 문장의 부정의 의미가 뒷 문장에 연결되므로, 부가의문문은 "긍정V' + S'?"이 된다.
*.I think that Mary will not sing a song, will she?
417.다음의 의미를 적어 보시오.
※*by oneself(=alone): 홀로 *for oneself(=without other's help):혼자 힘으로
*of itself(=spontaneously):저절로 *in itself(=in its own nature):본래, 원래
*beside oneself(=mad, insane):제정신이 아닌 *in spite of oneself(=unconsciously):자기도 모르게
*between ourselves(=in secret, in confidence, between you and (I / me)): - me(우리끼리 얘긴데)

제 13 장 -☞관계사☜ ▶관계대명사: 접속사와 대명사의 역할을 동시에 하는 것
418.I know the man (who / whom / whose) I think is honest. - who
419.This is the house (whose / whose the) roof is red. - whose
= This is the house (of which the roof / the roof of which / of which roof) is red.
420.*제한(한정)적 용법:관.대앞에 comma(,)가 없고, 관계절이 앞의 선행사 수식 해석
(EX)He had two daughters who became architects.(딸이 2명 이상임)
*계속적 용법:관.대앞에 comma(,)가 있고, 앞에서 뒤로 해석됨
(EX)He had two daughters, who became architects.(딸이 2명뿐임) - 21 -

421.***관.대 'that'이나 'what'은 계속적 용법이 없다***
422.** 계속적 용법의 관계대명사는 무조건 생략을 할 수 없다. **
*맞는 문장엔 O표, 틀린 문장엔 X표를 하시오.
423.This is the planetarium which he observes stars in.( O )
424.This is the planetarium that he observes stars in.( O )
425.This is the planetarium he observes stars in.( O )
426.This is the planetarium which he observes stars.( X )
427.This is the planetarium in which he observes stars.( O )
428.This is the planetarium in he observes stars.( X )
429.This is the planetarium in that he observes stars.( X )
430.I like her in that she is rich.( O )
431.Men differ from brutes in that they can think and speak.( O ) (--라는 점에서)
432.This is the planetarium where he observes stars in.( X )
433.This is the planetarium where he observes stars.( O )
434.This is the planetarium that he observes stars.( O )
435.This is the most beautiful dress there is in the world.( O )
436.There was a saint (who) once said so.( O )
*( )에서 알맞은 것을 고르시오.
437.Look at the dog (sleeping / slept) under the chair. - sleeping
438.This is the doll (made / making) by my sister. - made
439.He saves all (that / what) he earns. - that
440.All (that / what) glitters is not gold. - that
441.(What / That) I enjoy most is the Music Special. - what
442.(What / That) she is rich is true. - that
443.The book is (what / that) he wants to have. - what
444.The truth is (that / what) he wants to have it. - that
445.★꼭 알아두어야 할 "what"의 중요한 관용적 표현★( )부분의 의미를 적어 보시오.
*(What if) we fail? : --하면 어떻게 하지?
*(What) did he do that (for)? : 왜(무엇 때문에) = why = how come S + V
*(What)'s the weather (like), today? = (How) is the weather today? :어때요?
*She is no longer (what she used to be). = She is no longer (what she was).:과거의 그녀
*It began to rain, and (what was worse), there was no taxi.:설상가상으로 (나쁜 내용들 사이에 온다)
*(what's better) : 더욱 더 좋은 것은 (좋은 내용들 사이에 온다)
*what is called=what you(we, they) call=so-called=as it were= so to speak : 소위, 이른 바, 말하자면
*what S have : S의 재산
*what S be동사 현재 : S의 인격
*and what not = and so on(forth) = et cetera = and the like : 기타 등등
*What(How) about --ing?=What do you say to -ing?=What do you think of --? :--은 어때요?
*★Reading is to the mind what(as) exercise is to the body. : A와 B의 관계는 C와 D의 관계와 같다
= ★Just as exercise is to the body, so is reading to the mind.
*What with(by) overwork and what with(by) worry, he became ill. : --하기도 하고 --하기도 해서
- 22 -
446.★계속적 용법의 which의 선행사는 한 단어뿐만 아니라, 구나 절, 그리고 형용사도 될 수 있다.
(EX)We don't reuse or recycle, which would save us money. '선행사'는 (reuse or recycle )
★선행사가 사람일지라도 관계대명사가 보어 역할을 하여, 사람의 인격, 지위, 신분을 나타내면, which를 쓴다.
447.옳은 것은? (EX)He looked like a public servant (who / which) he really was. - which
448..관.대 that의 특별용법- 선행사가 다음과 같은 경우에는 관.대 “that”을 쓴다.
*선행사가 “사람+동물”, “사람+사물”인 경우
*<“형용사의 최상급”, “all", "the same", "the only", "the very", "the last(서수)” + 선행사>일때
*who, which, what으로 시작되는 의문사가 선행사일때
*<every, any, some, no + --thing, --body>가 선행사일 때
*다음 문장중에서 틀린 것은 X표, 맞는 것은 O표를 하시오.
449.*Do you remember the time when we first met? ( O )
450.*This is the place where he worked.( O )
451.*Tell me the reason that you phoned me.( O )
452.*This is the way I solved the problem.( O )
= *This is how I solved the problem.( O )
= *This is the way in which I solved the problem.( O )
= *This is the way that I solved the problem.( O )
453.*This is the way how I solved the problem. ( X )
454.*He saved which money he earned.( X ) - '관.형 what은 ‘적지만 모든’의 뜻
*다음 ( )에서 알맞은 것을 고르면?
455.*(Whatever, Whomever) I have is at your service. - whatever
456.*(Whatever, whoever, No matter what) happens, he is safe.- whatever(no matter what)
★(Warning) - (whoever + V) , (whomever + S' + V') , ★(whoever + S' + V' + V")★
457.*You may give it to (whoever, whomever) you think is honest. - whoever
458*다음 우리말에 알맞게 영작이 되지 않은 것을 골라라? - D
*아무리 초라한 곳일지라도 집보다 좋은 곳은 없다.
A.However humble it is(may be), there is no place like home.
B.No matter how humble it is(may be), there is no place like home.
C.Be it ever so humble, there is no place like home.
D.However it may be humble, there is no place like home.
*다음의 문장이 맞으면 O표, 틀리면 X표를 하시오.
459.*This is the same watch that she lost.( O )
460.*This is the same watch as she lost.( O )
461.She is late as is often the case with her. ( X )
462.There is no one but doesn't love his own country.( X )
463.There is no one that doesn't love his own country.( O )
464.Who is there but loves his own country? ( O )
465.Everyone loves his own country.( O )
466.There is no one but loves his own country.( O )
467.He offered more than could be expected.( O )
제 14 장 - 형용사 : 한정용법(명사수식), 서술 용법(보어로 사용), 명사적용법(the + 형용사)
468.She is drunken.( X )
469.She is a drunken woman.( O )
470.This is a shark alive. ( O )
471.This is a living shark.( O ) - 23 -
*다음 중 맞는 것을 골라라.
472.They look (like, alike). - alike
473.They look (like, alike) each other. - like
*다음 어구나 문장들을 해석해 보시오.
474.The young(Young people)should look up to the old(old people).- 젊은이들, 노인들
475.*the deceased: 古人 476. the diseased: 환자
477.*the accused: 피고인 = defendant 478.*the accusing: 원고인 = plaintiff
479.The true(Truth) is better than the beautiful(beauty).- 진실, 미
480.the late father: 최근에 돌아가신 아버님 481.My father is late.:나의 아버님께서 지각이다.
482.a certain village: 어떤 마을 483.It is certain that she will succeed.:그녀가 성공할 것은 확실하다
484.This is an apt choice.: 이것은 적절한 선택이다
485.She is apt to pass the test.: 그녀가 시험에 합격할 가능성이 있다(합격할 것 같다)
*다음 ( )에서 적절한 것을 고르시오.
486.*The price is (high, costly, dear, expensive). - high
487.*The price is (low, cheap). - low
488.*The radio is (expensive, high). - expensive
※다음 문장들이나 어구가 옳으면 O표, 틀리면 X표를 하시오.
489.She is a teacher, good, polite, kind, and refined.( O )
490.She is a good, polite, kind and refined teacher.( O )
491.cold something( X ) 492.somebody(one) old( O )
493.the most attractive voice imaginable( O ) 494.every means possible( O )
495.three inches long(thick)( O )
496.*the things Korean:한국의 풍물( O ) 497.*Asia minor:소아시아( O )
498.*heir female여자상속인( O ) 499.*from time immemorial:태고적부터( O )
500.*the authorities concerned:관계 당국( O ) 501.*Consul general:총영사( O )
502.*the sum total:총계( O ) 503.*China proper:중국 본토( O )
504.*the court martial:군사법원( O ) *the Supreme court:대법원
505.*the people upstairs:위층에 있는 사람들( O )
506.※형용사끼리의 어순
★all(both, double, half)+the(소유격, 지시형)+수사(서수+기수)+대소+성질+신구+재료(소속)+명사“의 어순
507.*many(많은 = a number of)
*few(거의 없는)
*a few(조금 있는) + 복수명사 + 복수동사
*not a few(아주 많은 = quite a few, no few)
*only a few(극소수의 = very few, but few)
508.*much(많은 양의 = an amount of)
*little(거의 없는)
*a little(조금 있는) + 단수명사 + 단수동사
*not a little(아주 많은 양의 = no little, quite a little)
*only a little(극소량의 = very little, but little)
509.*a lot of(많은 = lots of, plenty of) + 복수명사 + 복수명사
*a lot of(많은 = lots of, plenty of) + 단수명사 + 단수동사
※다음 ( )에서 맞는 것을 고르시오.
510.(Many a curious pupil, Many curious a pupil) (please, pleases) me. - many a curious pupil, pleases
511.He made 10 mistakes in (as many, as much) lines. - as many - 24 -
512.*순서 없는 것:*“명사 + 기수” (EX) Room 5
513.*순서 있는 것:*a.“명사 + 기수” b.“the + 서수 + 명사” (EX)a.World War 2 b.the second World War
514..*날짜:a.월 기수 b.월 서수 c.월 (the) 서수 d. the 서수 of 월
515.*소수점:※소수점이하는 한자리씩 읽는다. (EX)13.13 - thirteen point(decimal) one three
516.주요수사;a dozen(12)/ a score(20)/ a decade(10년)/ a million(100만)/ a billion(10억)/ a trillion(1조)
517.★dozen(score, hundred, thousand, million)앞에 복수수사가 있으면, 뒤에 “s"를 안 붙인다.
★dozen(score, hundred, thousand, million)앞에 복수수사가 없으면, 뒤에 “s"를 붙인다.
다음 ( )에서 맞는 것을 고르시오.
518.*three (dozen, dozens) people - dozen 519.*(dozen, dozens) of people - dozens
520.*five (million, millions) people - million 521.*five (million, millions) of people - millions
522.Three-fourths of apples ( is, are ) rotten. - are
523.Three-quarters of an apple ( is, are ) rotten. - is
524.★성질이 까다로운 형용사들★
A.“It be ⓐ for 목적격 to Ⓡ”과 “It --- that S' + (should) Ⓡ" 둘 다 가능한 형용사들
*possible, impossible, natural, necessary, important, imperative, essential etc
B.“It be ⓐ for 목적격 to Ⓡ”가능하지만, “It --- that S' + V'"는 안되는 형용사들
*easy, hard, difficult, dangerous, pleasant, convenient etc
C.“It --- that S' + V'"는 가능하지만, “It be ⓐ for 목적격 to Ⓡ”는 안되는 형용사들
*(un)certain, (un)clear, true, apparent, obvious, evident, (un)likely, fortunate etc
D."It be ⓐ of 목적격 to Ⓡ”구문에 사용되는 형용사들
*kind, clever, stupid, wise, (im)polite, considerate등의 사람의 성질을 나타내는 형용사들
※사람을 주어로 할 수 없는 형용사:possible, impossible, natural, important, necessary, easy, hard, difficult, dangerous, pleasant, convenient etc
*다음 문장이 옳으면 O표, 틀리면 X표를 하시오.
525.It is hard for you to please her.( O )
526.She is hard for you to please.( O )
527.It is pleasant for you to get along with her.( O )
528.She is pleasant to get along with.( O )
529.She is pleasant to get along with him.( X )
530.She is hard for you to please him.( X )
531.She is in his mid thirty.( X )
532.She visits me every two day.( X )
533.She visits me every second day.( O )
534.She visits me every other days.( X )
535.★시험에 자주 나오는 형용사(혼동되는 형용사들)★
1.healthy:건강한 / healthful:건강에 좋은 2.desirable:바람직한 / desirous:욕심많은
3.considerable:상당한 / ※considerate:사려깊은, 인정이 많은
4.valueless:무가치한 = worthless / ※invaluable:아주 가치있는 = ※priceless
5.※industrial:산업의 / ※industrious:근면한 = diligent ≠lazy, idle, negligent
6.※successful:성공적인 / ※successive:계속(연속)적인
7.※sensible:분별력있는 = wise / sensory:감각의 / sensual:관능적인 / sensuous:감각적인
※sensitive to:-에 민감한(감수성이 예민한) = susceptible(delicate, vulnerable) to
8.imaginary:상상의 / imaginative:독창적인 = original(creative) / imaginable:상상할 수 있는
9.respectful:공손한(polite) / respective:각각의 / respectable:존경할만한 / respecting:에 관하여
10.exhausted:지친, 소모된 / exhaustive:철저한 = thorough - 25 -
11.ingenious:영리한(clever), 재주가 있는(inventive) / ingenuous:순진한(naive), 솔직한(frank)
12.eventual:궁극적인 / eventful:파란만장한
13.historic:역사적으로 유명한(중요한) / historical:역사에 나오는, 역사상의
14.※economic:경제(학)의 / ※economical:절약하는, 검소한(frugal, thrifty)
15.comparable:비교할만한 / comparative:비교적인, 비교의
16.intellectual:지적인 / intelligent:총명한
17.continual:빈번한, 끊겼다가도 되풀이되는 / continuous:연속적인, 중단없이 계속되는
18.※literal:문자 그대로의 ※literate:읽고 쓸수 있는(≠ illiterate) *liberal:관대한, 자유의 *literary:문학의
제 15 장 - 부사(형용사, 부사, 동사, 문장전체를 수식하는 역할을 하는 품사)
*다음 문장들의 의미를 적어 보시오.
536.*Happily(Fortunately) he did not die. (그가 죽지 않은 것은 다행이었다.)
537.*He did not die happily. (그는 행복하게 죽지 않았다- 비참하게 죽었다)
538.*형용사와 형태가 같은 부사:*early(이른, 일찍), *fast(빠른, 빨리), *well(잘, 건강한), *enough(충분한, 충분히)
539.★형태는 비슷하지만 주의해야 할 부사
※high(높은, 높이), / highly(매우, 대단히) *dear(비싼, 비싸게) / dearly(마음으로부터)
※near(가까운, 가까이) / nearly(거의=almost) ※late(늦은, 늦게) / lately(최근에=recently)
*deep(깊은, 깊게) / deeply(심도있게)
540.★hardly = rarely = barely = scarcely = seldom (거의 --않다)★ - 다른 부정어와 사용 불가
*다음 문장이 옳으면 O표, 틀리면 X표를 하시오.
541.A: Have you ever visited there?( O )
B: No, I have never visited there.( O ) B:No, I never have.( O )
542.She can still understand it.( O )
543.She can't still understand it.( X )
544.She depended on it.( O )
545.She depended upon his decision.( O )
546.She depended it upon.( X )
547.She took it off( O )
548.She took off it.( X )
549.She took her hat off.( O )
550.She took off her hat.( O )
551.She is rich enough to buy it.( O )
552.He is a very celebrated politician.( O )
553.*Tom is very tired(pleased, satisfied, surprised, excited, complicated).( O )
554.I had not waited long ago he came.( X )
555.A:Didn't you sleep well? B:Yes, I did.(아뇨, 잘 잤습니다.) B:No, I didn't.(예, 잘 못 잤어요)
556.※A:It's a lovely day, isn't it? ※B:Yes, it couldn't be better.( O )
557.※I couldn't agree with you more. = I agree with you completely.(전적으로 동의합니다.)
= ※You took the words right out of my mouth.※
558.I haven't seen him already.( X )
559.She has yet to do it.( O )
560.She went to upstairs(downstairs, home, downtown, abroad.)( X )
제 16 장 -접속사(단어와 단어, 구와 구를 연결하기도 하지만, 대개 절과 절을 연결하는 품사)
561.It is morning, for the birds are singing.( O )
562.For it was too cold, we didn't stay outside long.( X )
563.You should not despise them for they are poor.( X ) - 26 -
564.☞상관접속사☜
ㄱ.❀not A but B : "A 가 아니라 B 인" - 동사는 B 에 일치
ㄴ.❀not that(because) S + V but that(because) S' + V'
= not because of ～ing(ⓝ) but because of ～ing(ⓝ) :"S가 V때문이 아니라, S'가 V'때문에
ㄷ.❀either A or B : " A , B 둘 중의 하나인" - 동사는 B 에 일치
ㄹ.❀neither A nor B : "A 와 B 둘 다 아닌" - 동사는 B 에 일치
ㅁ.❀both(at once) A and B = A and B alike : "A 와 B 둘 다" - 동사는 무조건 복수형 동사
ㅂ.❀not only(merely,simply,just) A but (also) B = B as well as A
"A 뿐만 아니라 B도" - 동사는 B 에 일치 <※앞내용은 A의 내용, 다음 내용은 B의 내용※>
※의미상 B 의 내용을 강조한다는 것을 명심할 것
❀다음 문장이 옳으면 O표, 틀리면 X표를 하시오.
565.Not he but me is an instructor.( X )
566.I like her not that(because) she is beautiful but that(because) she is kind.( O )
567.I like her not because of her beauty, but because of her kindness. ( O )
568.Either he or I am wrong.( O )
569.Neither he or I could solve the problem.( X )
570.Both he and I am students.( X )
571.Not merely she but also I is a student.( X )
572.I as well as she is a student.( X )
☞병렬 구조 구문☜ :◈병렬구조는 평행구조라고도 하며, 영어로 『PARALLELISM』이라 한다.
◈이는 등위접속사와 상관접속사, 비교 구문의 앞,뒤가 동일한 구조로 놓여져야 한다는 것을 의미.
▶다음 ( )에서 알맞은 것을 고르시오.(573 - 583)
573.He is a man of great talents and (skills, skillful). - skill
574.She is conscientious, devoted, and (hard-working, work hard). - hard-working
575.Her apology was clumsily but (effectively, effective) made. - effectively
576.He was a writer, a driver, and (a teacher, taught science). - a teacher
577.He went to America, bought some books, and (visited, visiting) his son. - visited
578.She was at a loss for what to do and (how she should do it, how to do it). - how to do it
579.It's not that he is dull, but that (he is dishonest, he shows dishonesty). - he is dishonest
580.To answer correctly is as important as (to finish on time, finishing on time).- to finish on time
581.Her smile was both mischievous and (a childlike one, childlike). - childlike
582.Early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy, and (wise, wisdom). - wise
583.To answer accurately is much more important than (to respond , responding) quickly. - to respond
584.※Now (that) S + Vv--, S' + V' ---. ( = Seeing (that) = Since ) : --이니까
◈다음 문장이 맞으면 O표, 틀리면 X표를 하시오.
585.I like her in that she is rich.( O )
586.This is the house in that she lives.( X )
587.She didn't turn up till(until) five o'clock.( O )
588.Not until five o'clock did she show up.( O )
589.Only after five o'clock did she appear.( O )
590.After five o'clock she turned up.( O )
591.She turned up after five o'clock.( O )
592.It was not until(only after) five o'clock that she showed up.( O )
593.It was not until(only after) five o'clock that did she show up.( X )
594.Not until(Only after) five o'clock she turned up.( X ) - 27 -
595.The fact that she is rich pleases me.( O )
596.※If = Provided(Providing, Suppose, Supposing) (that) = on condition that = In case
★Provide that이나 Supposed that은 사용할 수 없음에 유의한다.
597.Though(Although, Even if, Even though) she was deaf, she learned to speak.( O )
598.The news, though, may be mistaken.( O )
599.After all, she passed the test.( O )
※After all, S + V --. :"결국“=in the end, in the long run, ultimately, eventually, at last
= finally, at length
600.After all her great efforts, she failed in the test.( O )
※"--에도 불구하고, --에도 관계없이" :가.despite 나.in spite of 다.for all 라.with all
마.in the face of 바.in the teeth of 사.even with
아.※after all --ing(명사) 자.notwithstanding
차.regardless of 카.irrespective of
타.without regard to
601.She made great efforts. Nonetheless, she failed in the test.( O )
※"그럼에도 불구하고“:nonetheless, nevertheless, notwithstanding, all the same, still, yet, and yet 등
602.※최상급이 주어자리에 와서 양보의 뜻으로 사용될 수 있다.(해석조심 - ★작문문제)
★세상에서 가장 현명한 사람일지라도 그런 어리석은 짓을 저지를 수 있다.
= The wisest man in the world can do such a silly thing.( O )
603.★※무관사 명사(형, 부, 동.원) as S -----: 여기서 'as'는 "비록 --일지라도"로 해석한다
603.Poor as(though) he is, he is happy.( O ) = He is poor, but he is happy.
604.Though(Although, Even if, Even though) he is poor, he is happy.( O )
※다음 ( )에서 알맞은 것을 고르시오.
605.Though she is (a child, child), she can do it. - a child
606.(A child, Child) as she is, she can do it. - child
제 17 장 - ☞비교구문☜ (비교급 - 2개중에서 비교 , 최상급 - 3개 이상에서 비교)
※다음 ( )에서 알맞은 것을 고르시오.
607.He can run as fast (as, than) you. - as
608.My brother is not as(=so) tall (as, than) your brother. - as
609.This is more interesting (than, as) that. - than
※비교급 강조:much(far, a lot, even, still, by far) 비교급 : "훨씬(더욱) --한"
700.Women drive (very, much) more carefully than men. - much
701.The higher we go up, (the farther, farther) we can see. - the farther
702.John is (the cleverer, cleverer) of the two. - the cleverer
703.I like him (all the more, all more) for his honesty. - all the more
704.He is (my best friend, my the best friend). - my best friend
705.He runs (fastest, the fastest) in his class. - fastest
706.He is (the fastest, fastest) runner in his class. - the fastest
707.She is (happiest, the happiest) when she is alone. - happiest
708.She is (the happiest, happiest) woman in the world. - the happiest
709.This lake is (deepest, the deepest) at this point. - deepest
710.This lake is (the deepest, deepest) in Korea. - the deepest
711.She is (wiser, more wise) than he. - wiser
712.She is (wiser, more wise) than clever. = She is wise rather than clever. - more wise
- 28 -
713.※★원급, 비교급을 이용한 최상급 표현★※
※★ S + V + the 최상급(--est, most) 명사 in + 장소(범위)/of 복수명사.
= S + V + the 최상급 of all (the) 복수명사 <in 장소(범위)>
= S + V 비교급(--er, more 형) than any other 단수명사 in 장소(범위).
= all (the) other 복수명사 in 장소(범위).
= any 단수명사 else in 장소(범위).
= No (other) 명사 in 장소(범위) + V + 비교급 than S. <in 장소(범위)는 S다음에 올 수도 있다.>
= S + V + as 원급 as any 단수명사 in 장소(범위). <other이나 else를 쓰면 안됨>
= S + V + as + 형용사 + 관사 + 명사 as ever p.p in 장소(범위).
= No (other) 명사 in 장소(범위) + V + so(as) 원급 as S. <in 장소(범위)는 S다음에 올 수도 있다.>
714.Seoul is larger than all the other citys in korea.( X )
*다음★관용적 표현들★을 우리말로 옮겨 보시오.
715.as 원급 as S can(could)=as 원급 as possible:( 가능한 한 )
716.no longer = not -- any longer :( 더 이상 --가 아니다 )
717.★know better than to 동.원 = not so foolish as to 동.원 = not such a fool as to 동.원
( --할 정도로 어리석지 않다 )
718.not more than = at most: ( 기껏해야 ) <나몰랴> (EX)I can give you at most 50 dollars.
719.not less than = at least : ( 적어도 )<나래도> (EX)Tom paid at least 3,000 won.
720.no(thing) more than =nothing but = but = only : (오직,다만) (EX)He is no more than a puppet.
721.no less than=as much(many) as :( --만큼이나, --와 마찬가지로 ) <놀래나>
(EX)*He paid no less than 100 dollars. *He is no less than a beggar.
※우리말에 맞도록 ( )에서 알맞은 것을 고르시오.
722.※★A is no more B than C (is, is not) D. (A가 B가 아닌 것은 C가 D가 아닌 것과 같다.) - is
723. = A is not B any more than C (is, is not) D. (B와 D가 같을 때는 D를 생략 가능) - is
724.※A is no less B than C (is, is not) D. (A가 B인 것은 C가 D인것과 같다.) - is
725.= A is not B any less than C (is, is not) D. (B와 D가 같을 때는 D를 생략 가능) - is
*다음★관용적 표현들★을 우리말로 옮겨 보시오.
726.no less A than B = as A as B( B못지 않게 A한 )
727.not less A than B = probably more A than B( B보다 아마 더 A한 )
728.★not A so much as B = not so much A as B = B rather than A = more B than A
= less A than B : ( A라기 보다는 오히려 B한 ) - ※"병렬구조 반드시 확인“
(EX)*A man's worth lies not in what he has so much as in what he is.
= A man's worth lies not so much in what he has as in what he is.
= A man's worth lies in what he is rather than in what he has.
※다음 문장이 옳으면 O표, 틀리면 X표를 하시오.
729.He is not so much a poet as writer.( X )
*다음★관용적 표현들★을 우리말로 옮겨 보시오.
730.not so much as :(심지어 --조차 않다)=not even (EX)He would not so much as look at me.
731.So much for today. : ( 오늘은 이만 마치자 )
732.as 형용사 as can be : ( 더할 나위 없이 --한) = ※all 추.명 = 추.명 itself = very 형용사※
733.※다음 문장과 같은 의미가 되도록 만들면? ※She is as beautiful as can be.
= She is ( all ) beauty. = She is beauty ( itself ). = She is very ( beautiful ).
※우리말에 맞도록 ( )에서 알맞은 것을 고르시오.
734.She is (beauty, a beauty). “그녀는 미인이다.” - a beauty
- 29 -
※다음 문장이 옳으면 O표, 틀리면 X표를 하시오.
735.This is twice(two times) as high as that.( O )
736.This is twice(two times) the height of that.( O )
737.This is twice(two times) higher than that. ( O )
738.This is three times as high as that. ( O )
739.This is three times higher than that. ( O )
740.This is three times the height of that. ( O )
741.★라틴어 어원(끝이 -or로 끝남)의 형용사는 비교구문에서 than대신 to(전치사)가 쓰임★
※ be senior(≠ junior) to / be superior(≠ inferior) to / be major(≠ minor) to,
be interior(≠ exterior) to / be anterior(≠ posterior) to / prior to(--보다 이전의)
be preferable to:--보다 더 선호되다
※다음 ( )에서 알맞은 것을 고르시오.
742.He is senior to (she, her) by two years. - her
743= He is (2 years, by 2 years) senior to her. - 2 years
744.= He is older than she (by two years, two years). - by two years
745.= He is two years older than (she, her). - she
※다음 문장들을 우리말로 옮겨 보시오.
746.*She likes me better than he (likes me). - 그가 나를 좋아하는 것보다 그녀가 나를 더 좋아한다.
747*She likes me better than (she likes) him. - 그녀는 그보다 나를 더 좋아한다.
748.★perfect, unique, complete, supreme, extreme 등은 비교급이나 최상급을 사용할 수 없다.
제 18 장 - ★일치★
※다음 ( )에서 알맞은 것을 고르시오.
749.The soldier whose father is a politician (love, loves) his own country. - loves
750.No news (is, are) good news. - is
751.*(The economics, Economics) (is, are) his major. - Economics , is
752.Statistics (is, are) her favorite subject. - is
753.A lot of statistics (is, are) helpful to her study. - are
754.★※all(none, 분수, part, percent, portion, half, rest) of 복.명 + 복.동
단.명 + 단.동
755.★구나 절은 단수취급 ※To 동.원 and to 동.원 - 단수 ※동명사(-ing) and 동명사(-ing) - 복수
756.※What he likes most (is, are) love. - is
757.※What he likes most (is, are) books. - are
758.The boy who (is, are) playing with his friends (is, are) my son. - is, is
759.★He is one of the few boys who (speak, speaks) English very well. - speak
760.★He is the only one of the boys who (speak, speaks) English very well. - speaks
761.A and B는 복수취급이 원칙이지만, 내용상 <하나>일때는 단수취급한다.
*bread and butter *curry and rice *watch and chain *trial and error *all work and no play
(CF)Time and tide wait(s) for no man.
※다음 ( )에서 알맞은 것을 고르시오.
762.★A(the) ⓝ and ⓝ':단수취급 (EX)A poet and novelist (is, are) present. - is
763.★A(the) ⓝ and a(the) ⓝ':복수취급(EX)The poet and the novelist (is, are) present. - are
764.★Ⓐ and Ⓑ's ⓝ:단수취급(공동소유)(EX) Tom and Mary's car (is, are) cheap. - is
765.★Ⓐ's and Ⓑ's ⓝ:복수취급(개별소유)(EX)Tom's and Mary's car (is, are) cheap. - are
766.★Ⓐ and Ⓑ's ⓝs:복수취급(EX)Tom and Mary's cars (is, are) expensive. - are - 30 -
767.★Ⓐ‘s and Ⓑ's underwear:단수취급 - underwear(속옷)은 공동소유가 될 수 없고 단수취급
768.Ten years (is, are) a long time. - is
769.The ten years (is, are) a long time. - are
770.Ten years have passed since I came here.( O )
771.A number of students (was, were) present at the meeting. - were
772.The number of patients (is, are) increasing. - is
773.There (is, are) more than one reason. - is
774.There (is, are) more than one of reasons. are
★집합명사:family, class, committee, team, staff, audience etc (구성원-복수, 집단-단수)
775.*The committee (has, have) just one problem. - has
776.*The committee (is, are) all present. - are
제 19 장 - 특수구문
☞다음 문장이 맞으면 O표, 틀리면 X표를 하시오.
777.I like coffee, and so does my wife.( O )
778.I don't like coffee, and neither does my wife.( O )
779.I think he will win the game, and that he deserves to( O ).
780.While walking in the park, I saw two men fighting.( O )
781.Although only a child, he works as hard as an adult.( O )
782.If carefully done, the experiment should be very successful.( O )
783.The task (that) you must do has to be done alone.( O )
784.The reason (why) he was absent was that he was ill.( O )
785.Most of the people (who had been) invited didn't turn up.( O )
786.The girl (who is) coming in is always late.( O )
☞다음의 의미를 적어 보시오.
789.(If a man is) Out of sight, (he will be) out of mind.( 눈에서 멀어지면 마음에서도 멀어진다 )
790.(If you take) No pains, (you will get) no gains.(노력없이는 얻는 것도 없다)
791.(This is) Under construction.( 공사중 )
792.(If there are) So many men, (there are) so many minds.( 각인각색 )
☞다음 문장들에서 동격을 이루고 있는 것들을 찾아보시오.☜
792.of (EX)In 1780, there was terrible disease of smallpox. - terrible = smallpox
793.that (EX)The thought occurred to her that she might never see him again. - the thought = that이하
794.or (EX)I ran 10 miles or about 16 kilometers. - 10 miles = about 16 kilometers
795.comma( , ) (EX)She has but one aim in life, to make money. - one aim = to make money
796.that is (to say) = namely = in other words = to put(express) it in another terms(way)
(EX)The meeting will be held next Thursday, that is, september 2nd. - next Thursday = september 2nd
☞위의 방법외에 dash( - ), colon( : ), semi-colon( ; )으로도 동격을 나타낼 수 있다.
797.★부정어 도치:'부정어 + 조동사 + S + 본동사' (EX)Never did I dream that he was famous.
798.보어 도치:'보어 + be + 주어' (EX)Great was his joy when he heard the news.
799.목적어 도치:'목적어 + S + V' (EX)The promise he broke in a week.
800.부정목적어 도치:'부정목적어 + 조동사 + S + 본동사' (EX) Not a single word did he speak.
801.부사(구) + S + V :'S가 대명사일때'
(EX)Here it is. / Here you(they) are. / Here we are. / There he goes.
802.부사(구) + V + S :'S가 명사일때' (EX)There goes the teacher.
(EX)A church stood on a hill in front of them.
⇒ on a hill in front of them stood a church.
- 31 -
▶다음 문장이 옳으면 O표, 틀리면 X표를 하시오.
803.He does know the secret.( O )
804.●Who on earth told you the rumor?( O )
805.●What in the world happened?( O )
806.●How ever did you escape?( O )
808.the(this, that) very 명사 : "바로 그 명사 "의 뜻
(EX)He is the very man that I am looking for.
809..the last 명사: ㉠마지막 명사 ㉡결코--하지 않는 ㉢최신의 ㉣최상의
(EX)㉠This is his last chance.
㉡He is the last man (in the world) I want to see.
810.부정문 강조:"not + at all, ever, in the least, by any means, whatever = never"
※다음의 예문을 부분부정을 참고하여 해석해 보시오.
811.A great scholar is not necessarily a good teacher.
- 위대한 학자라고 반드시 훌륭한 선생님이 되는 것은 아니다.
812.Homemade products are not always inferior to those from abroad.
- 국산품이 수입품보다 항상 열등한 것은 아니다.
813.All that glitters is not gold. - 반짝거리는 모든 것이 금인 것은 아니다.
※다음 문장이 옳으면 O표, 틀리면 X표를 넣으시오.
814.He introduced a new innovation to his factory.( X )
815.This book will teach you the necessary essentials of English grammar.( X )

☞기타주요구문☜
가.To one's 감정명사(dismay,regret,surprise,sadness) : "--하게도"
(EX)To my surprise, the student won the first prize in the contest.
나..다음 각 문장들을 읽고 각 문장을 정확하게 한국어로 옮겨 보시오.
1.He talks as if he knew everything.
☞그는 (지금) 모든 것을 알고 있는 것처럼 (지금) 말한다.
2.He talks as though he had known everything.
☞그는 (과거에) 모든 것을 알고 있었던 것처럼 (지금) 말한다.
3.He talked as though he knew everything.
☞그는 (과거에) 모든 것을 알고 있는 것처럼 (그 당시) 말했다.
4.He talked as if he had known everything.
☞그는 (과거보다 그 이전에) 모든 것을 알고 있었었던 것처럼 (과거에) 말했다.
5.He walks as if he is drunk.
☞그는 마치 술취한 것처럼 걷는다.(술이 취했을 가능성이 높다)
6.He walked as if he was drunk.
☞그는 마치 술취한 것처럼 걸었다.(술이 취했을 가능성이 높다)
다.해석 조심해야 할 구문(to부정사의 부사적 결과 용법)
1.He tried to carry out his goal only to fail.
☞그는 오직 실패하기 위하여 그의 목적을 성취하려고 노력했습니다.(X)
☞그는 그의 목적을 성취하기 위해 노력했으나 실패했을 뿐입니다.(O)
2.He left his homeland never to return.
☞그는 돌아오지 않기 위하여 그의 조국을 떠났습니다.(X)
☞그는 그의 조국을 떠났습니다, 하지만 결코 돌아오지 못했습니다.(O)
- 32 -
※다음은 진정한 영어 공부를 위한 것이 아니고, 단지 문제를 풀기 위한 방법임을 밝히며
대한민국 영어교육의 올바른 방향에 위배되는 것임을 미리 밝히고자 합니다.※
※아울러, 이 방법이 절대적인 방법이 아닌 단지 참고 요령이라는 것도 숙지하시기를 바랍니다.※

☞문제별 독해하는 요령☜
1.모든 문제는 문제부터 읽고, 보기읽고 지문으로 넘어갑니다.

2.영미식글은 두괄식이 거의 90%를 차지하므로, 첫문장을 단디 읽고 넘어갑니다.

3.모든 문제 대할 때 첫 문장을 읽고서 글의 전개가 어떻게 될 것인가 생각해 봅니다.
(글을 읽는 사람이 아니라 이 글을 쓰는 작가라고 생각하는 사고방식이 필요합니다.)

4.두 문장으로 구성된 난이도 있는 단어 넣기 문제는, ( )가 없는 다른 한 문장에 동 의어나 ( )를 채울 수 있는 KEY WORD(S)가 들어 있음을 명심합니다.

5.연결사, 연결 어구 넣는 문제 - ( )앞과 ( )가 속해 있는 문장의 관계를 면 밀히 살피는 것이 중요합니다.
(EX)일반적인 내용을 말하고, 다음에 구체적인 장소, 사람, 사물, 시간(시대)가 나오거 나, 일화가 나오면 예를 든다는 것을 의미합니다. (해답 - for example, for instance)

6.글의 전체 내용을 알 수 있는 주제문 파악 요령(주제, 제목, 요지 찾기 유형)
a.첫 문장 주요
b.마지막 문장 중요
c.예를 들면(for example, for instance)이나 구체적 사람, 사물, 장소, 시간(시대)가 나 오는 앞 문장이 중요
d."그러나(but, however, yet, and yet..)" 다음 문장이 중요
e."고로, 그러므로(so, therefore, as a result, consequently, thus, accordingly, hence, anyway, after all, in conclusion, in short, in a word, in brief, to sum up)" 다음 문장이 중요
f.첫 문장에 ‘in many ways', 'several ways'등이 들어 있으면 그 문장이 중요
g.제목, 주제, 요지 찾는 문제 : 가.글의 주인공(첫 문장이 명사나 명사구로 시작될 때는 그 명사나 명사구, 제일 많이 등장하는 단어)을 찾고, 그 주인공의 특징(주인공의 무 엇)을 찾으면 주제나 제목문제는 해결할 수 있고, 그 주인공의 특징을 통해서 독자에 게 전달하고자 하는 중심 생각을 찾으면 요지와 부합된다.
(EX)주인공 - 정직 , 특징 - 많은 장점 , 요지 - 우리 정직하게 살자
나.독해가 거의 안될 때 - 보기에서 본문에서 제일 많이 나오는 단어가 들어가 있는 보 기를 고르고 2개로 압축되면 그 다음엔 guessing할 것
h.주제나 제목찾기 문제에서 보기 2개중에서 혼동될 때는 해당 보기들을 제목으로 정해 놓고 자신이 글을 쓴다고 생각해서 답을 도출해낼 것(역발상이 중요)
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I.다음과 같은 어구들을 포함하고 있는 문장이 주제문이 될 가능성이 높다.
가.“중요성”을 나타내는 어구들: the best, the most, be important etc
나.“필요성, 의무”를 나타내는 어구들: must, have to, ought to, should, need etc
다.“최고”를 나타내는 경우: highest, supreme, maximum etc
라.“강조”구문: “It be -- that"/ "강조”의 조동사 ‘애’가 들어 있는 문장
마:필자의 의견을 나타내는 어구들:I believe(think, advise, mean), My belief is--
바.유명한 사람, 심리학자와 같은 전문가 등장시 - 자신의 의견이 전문가의 의견과 동일함을 암시

7.글의 목적 묻는 문제
a.충고, 조언: 보통 명령문으로 시작, must(should, have to, ought to:--해야 한다)가 많이 보임
b.감사: thank, appreciate, be obliged to + 사람, It's very kind(nice) of you to가 있음 첫 문장에 ‘감사한다’는 내용이 나올 경우에는 ‘감사’가 아닌 함정으로 “초대”나 다른 목적의 글인 경우가 많음
c.사과; sorry, apologize 어구가 많이 보임
d.주문: 상품명이 나오고, order어구가 많이 보임
e.추천: 어떤 사람을 칭찬하는 얘기가 나오고, 끝부분에 recommend라는 단어가 보임
※문장 첫 부분에 감사나 사과의 표현이 보이면, 함정일 확률이 높다는 것도 알아둘 것

8.글의 종류 문제
a.신문 기사(article): “ ”부분이 많이 보임,
b.연설문: “Ladies and gentlemen"과 같은 호격부분이 들어 있는 경우가 많음
c.광고문: 특정 장소나 특정 물건에 관한 내용인 경우가 많음
d.안내문: 특히 끝부분에 구체적 일시, 장소, 행사목적등이 나와 있는 경우가 많음
※주로 토익식은 광고문이나 신문기사가 나오는 경우가 많음

9.글의 내용과 일치하는 것은?(일치하지 않는 것은?)
a.보기가 한글인 경우는 보기 먼저 보고, 영어인 경우는 본문부터 본다.
b.주의해야 할 표현들
●S should(ought to) have p.p : “S는 --했어야만 했다”(실제로는 하지 않았다)
●S shouldn't(ought not to) have p.p :“S는 -하지 말았어야 했다”(실제로는 해 버렸다)
●S may have p.p : “S는 --였을지 모른다”(과거의 추측)
●S can't have p.p : “S는 --였을 리가 없다”
●S must have p.p : “S는 --했음에 틀림없다”
●S need have p.p : “S는 --할 필요가 있었는데”(실제로는 안했다)
●S needn't have p.p : “S는 --할 필요가 없었는데”(실제로는 했다)
●S could have p.p: "S는 --할 수 있었을텐데.“(실제로는 못했다.)
●S couldn't have p.p: "S는 --할 수 없었을 텐데.“(실제로는 했다)
●S had better have p.p: "S는 --하는 게 좋았을텐데.(실제로는 못했다.)
●S used to Ⓡ:1.--하곤 했다. 2.왕년에(과거에) --였다(현재와 반대되는 과거의 사실)
●barely, rarely, hardly, scarcely, seldom, few, little(거의 --않다) - 2 -
10.앞에 나올 내용으로 적절한 것은?
●첫 문장이 중요하며, 첫 문장의 접속사나 연결어구, 지시형용사나 대명사가 힌트어구
●not only(merely, just, simply) A but also B = B as well as A의 어구가 있을 때 에는, 앞에는 A에 대한 내용이, 다음엔 B에 대한 내용이 나옴
●대개 본문이 원인이면 앞 문단은 결과이고, 본문이 결과이면 앞 문단은 원인인 경우가 많음

11.다음에 나올 내용으로 적절한 것은?
●마지막 문장에 결정적 힌트를 제공하나, 첫 문장도 유심히 살필 것

12.글의 분위기나 심경 파악 문제
●날씨 표현, 형용사의 의미(좋은 의미, 나쁜 의미), 사물에 대한 감정 이입을 살핌
●보기에 나오는 기본적인 형용사들은 반드시 암기해 놓을 것

13.단어 찾기 문제는 우선 좋은 뜻의 단어가 필요한 지, 나쁜 의미의 단어가 필요한 지 부터 살핀 후, 보기에서 고를 것

14.( ) 문제
●( )들어 있는 문 장 유의해서 볼 것
●( )문장이 문두에 있으면, 바로 뒷 문장과 마지막 문장 유의해서 볼 것
●( )문장이 문미에 있으면, 바로 윗 문장과 첫 번째 문장 유의해서 볼 것

15.글의 흐름으로 보아 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 알맞은 곳은?
●제시문의 접속사나 연결사(but, however, on the other hand, for example, although, even though, even if)와 지시사(this, that, it → 단수 / these, those, they → 복수), 그리고 another, also, other, finally등의 어구를 통해 문제 해결
●a.“a(an) + 명사”와 b.“the(this, that) + 명사”가 들어간 문장들이 있을 때 - “a가 선행”
●주어진 문장이 들어갈 다음 문장에 대개 확인해 주는 어구가 들어가 있음(지시사등)

16.실험(experiment), 분석(analysis), 조사(survey)와 관련된 문제
●실험, 분석, 조사의 결말부분(문단의 끝부분)이 중요

17.논쟁(argument, dispute, debate) 관련문제
●대개 중간부분까지 논쟁의 찬성과 반대 내용이 나오고 끝부분에 필자의 견해(찬성, 반대, 중립)를 밝힘 - 마지막 문장 단디 볼 것

18.밑줄친 부분의 의미로 A가 의도한 것과 B가 의도한 것이 바르게 짝지어진 것은?
●대개 humorous한 내용(받아들이는 사람은, 노인이나 아이 또는, 비정상적 사람이 등장)
●전체적인 상황(장소나 등장인물들의 특징)을 염두에 둘 것
●말하는 사람은 상식적인 얘기를 하고, 받아들이는 사람은 엉뚱하게 받아들임

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19.문법(어법) 문제
●능동, 수동, ●자동사, 타동사 ●병렬구조 ●시제 ●접속사등을 기본적으로 살필 것

20.주고 받은 글들이다. 순서대로 연결하라? (A), (B), (C)를 순서대로 연결하면?
●(A), (B), (C)에 힌트어구가 들어 있으므로, 힌트어구를 잘 살핀다.
●제시문의 접속사나 연결사(but, however, on the other hand, for example, although, even though, even if)와 지시사(this, that, it → 단수 / these, those, they → 복수), 그리고 another, also, other, finally등의 어구를 통해 문제 해결
●a.“a(an) + 명사”와 b.“the(this, that) + 명사”가 들어간 문장들이 있을 때 - “a가 선행”

21.윗 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약할 때 빈 칸에 적절한 것은?
●보기를 보면서 아래의 요약된 문장부터 주의깊게 해석
●보기는 주로 윗 글의 주제문의 주제어의 동의어로 나오는 경우가 많음
●윗 글을 읽어 가며 문제 해결

22.다음에서 관계없는 문장을 고르시오?
●첫 문장은 보기가 없는 경우가 많은데, 그 이유는 주제문이기 때문입니다.
●첫 문장다음에 “그러나”라는 어구가 나오면, 그 문장이 주제문이 됩니다.
●주제문에서 “주인공(주제어)의 특징(무엇)”을 찾아 한 문장씩 대입시켜 나가면 해결됨

23.영영사전 문제
●단어를 공부할 때, 기본적이지만 여러 가지 의미로 사용되는 단어나 숙어는 잘 정리해 둡니다.
●해당 지문의 내용에, 아래 보기의 기본적인 우리말 의미를 하나씩 대입해서 말이 되는 것이 답 이 됩니다. - 대입법 사용

★기타 속독(빠른 독해)시 유의해야 할 내용★
1.독해 지문이 길다고 해서 겁을 먹지 말 것 - 길수록 독해 내용은 쉽다.(긴 지문일수록 주제문은 마지막 부분에 나오는 경우가 대다수임)
2.자신이 영어를 못하는 사람이라는 패배의식을 절대 가지지 말 것
●좋을 글이란, 어려운 문장이 나왔다면 그 다음엔 같은 의미의 문장이 독자가 이해하 기 쉽도록 다시 연결되므로, 자신이 독해할 수 있는 부분을 중요하게 생각하여 전체 문장을 유추해 보는 능력이 중요
즉 다시 말해서, 처음 보았을 때 모르는(생각이 나지 않는) 단어나 문장이 나오면, 그 단어나 문장이 중요한 단어일 경우에는 뒤에 쉬운 단어나 문장으로 다시 설명해 주므 로 모르는 부분은 빨리 빨리 넘어가는 것이 중요

3.처음에 생각한 답이 다음에 읽어볼 때 틀린 것이 확실하면 고치고, 혼동될 때에는 처 음에 생각한 답을 적는 것이 좋다 - 문제와의 첫 번째 교감 중시

4.체크한 답의 번호를 따라 문제 푸는 오류를 금할 것

Try your best, and you will be a world.

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※심경, 어조, 분위기, 연결어구※
A.심경
*alarmed:깜짝 놀란 *calm:평온한, 침착한 *contented:만족하고 있는 *envious:시기하는
*encouraged:용기를 얻게 된 *hateful:증오에 찬 *hopeful:희망에 차 있는
*indifferent:무관심한, 냉담한 *interested:흥미가 있는 *nervous:안절부절못하는
*peaceful:평화로운 *pleased:좋아하는, 만족스러운 *regretful:뉘우치는, 애석해하는
*relaxed:긴장을 푼, 느긋해하는 *relieved:안도케 된, 긴장을 풀게 된 *resentful:분개하는
*satisfied:만족해하는 *scared:겁에 질린 *self-critical:자기 비판적인 *sorrowful:슬픈
*self-disciplined:자기 훈련(훈육)하는 *self-satisfied:자기 만족의 *thankful:감사해하는
*anxious:걱정하는 *disappointed:실망한 *joyful:기쁜 *miserable:비참한
*desperate:자포자기의 *delighted:기쁜 *repentant:후회하는 *uneasy:불안한
B.성격
*active:활동적인 *cautious:조심성있는(careful ≠ careless) *charitable:자비로운, 관대한 *cruel:잔인한 *cold-blooded:냉담한, 피도 눈물도 없는 *diligent:부지런한(industrious)
*emotional:감정적인, 정에 무른 *generous:관대한(lenient = broad-minded = large-hearted)
*high-souled:숭고한 정신의 *hot-tempered:성급한, 화를 잘 내는 *lazy:게으른(idle, negligent)
*narrow-minded:편협한, 마음이 좁은 *open-minded:편견없는, 허심탄회한
*optimistic:낙관적인 *pessimistic:비관적인 *easy-going:천하태평의, 낙관적인
*passive:소극적인 *self-sacrificing:자기 희생적인 *warm-hearted:인정 있는, 온정의
*sincere:성실한, 참된 *sociable:사교적인(affable = gregarious) *thoughtful:생각이 깊은, 친절한
*wild:난폭한 *admiring:감탄하는 *cowardly:소심한(timid) *selfish:이기적인(egoistic)
*cunning:교활한(sly) *mean:비열한(base), 인색한(stingy, tight-fisted, miserly) *violent:난폭한
*independent:독립적인 *devoted:헌신적인 *determined:단호한, 결단력있는(resolute)
C.태도 및 어조
*annoyed:화난, 곤혹스런 *arrogant:오만(거만)한 *bitter:비통한, 증오에 찬 *cynical:냉소적인 *critical:비판적인 *decent:예의바른, 점잖은 *dependent:의존하는 *earnest:진지한, 열심인
*humble:겸손한(modest) *impolite:버릇없는(rude) *impudent:뻔뻔한, 염치없는
*ironic:반어적인, 비꼬는 *persuasive:설득적인 *prudent:신중한, 조심성 있는
*revengeful:복수심에 불타는 *sarcastic:빈정대는, 비꼬는 *satirical:풍자적인, 빈정대는
*sentimental:감상적인, 정에 호소하는 *solemn:엄숙한, 근엄한 *sympathetic:동정적인, 연민의 *antipathetic:혐오하는 *disgusting:역겨운, 불쾌한(offensive, repulsive, distasteful)
*objective:객관적인 *subjective:주관적인 *creative:창의적인 *shy:수줍어하는(ashamed)
*positive:긍정적인(affirmative) *negative:부정적인
D.분위기
*amusing:재미나는 *businesslike:사무적인 *busy:분주한, 번화한 *descriptive:묘사적인
*exciting:흥분시키는, 손에 땀을 쥐게 하는 *festive:축제 분위기의 *gloomy:어두운, 음울한
*harmonious:화목한, 사이가 좋은 *informal:비공식적인, 격식(형식)을 따지지 않는
*instructive:교훈(교육)적인, 유익한 *lively:활발한 *lonely:고독한(solitary) *tragic:비극적인
*melancholy:우울한, 음침한 *monotonous:단조로운, 지루한 *noisy:시끄러운
*passionate:정열(열정)적인(enthusiastic) *quiet:조용한 *romantic:낭만적인 *sad:슬픈
*threatening:위협하는(scaring, menacing, intimidating, frightening, terrifying, horrifying)
(horrible, horrific, terrible)
*boring:지루한 *tense:긴장된 *awful:경외감을 불러 일으키는 *urgent:긴박한
*cheerful:경쾌한 *fascinating:매혹적인 *moving:감동적인(touching, impressive) - 1 -
E.글의 목적
*advising:충고 *agreeing:동의 *suggesting:제안 *permitting:허락 *offering:제안
*accepting:수락, 승낙 *guiding:안내 *complimenting:칭찬(praising) *persuading:설득
*protesting:항의 *complaining:불평 *encouraging:격려 *warning:경고 *blaming:비난
*reporting:보고 *recommending:추천 *demanding:요구, 독촉 *ordering:주문
*greeting:인사 *thanking:감사 *apologizing:사과 *forgiving:용서 *inviting:초대
F.연결어
*accordingly:따라서 *as a matter of fact:사실은(in fact, actually) *as a result:결과적으로
*at any rate:하여튼, 좌우간(at all event) *at first:처음에는 *at other times:또 어떤 때는
*behind the times:시대에 뒤져서 *by all means:반드시, 그렇고 말고요 *by no means:never
*besides:게다가(on top of that, in addition, moreover, further, what's more, additionally)
*first(most) of all:우선 무엇보다도(above all, in the first place, to begin with, among other things, to start with, more than anything else) *for example:예를 들면(for instance, such as)
*fortunately:다행히도, 운좋게도 *on the other hand:한펀으로는(on the other side)
*however:그러나(though, still, yet, and yet, nevertheless, nonetheless, notwithstanding)
*in comparison:비교해볼 때 *instead of:--대신에(in the place of) *otherwise:그렇지 않으면
*in other words:즉, 다시 말해서(namely, that is, that is to say, to put it in another terms)
*in the end:결국(after all, finally, at last, eventually, ultimately, in the long run, at length)
*on the contrary:오히려, 그와는 반대로 *to the contrary:그와는 반대로
*therefore:고로, 그러므로(so, hence, thus, consequently, thereupon, as a result)
*despite:--에도 불구하고(in spite of, with all, for all, even with, notwithstanding, after all,
in the face of, in the teeth of)
= --에도 관계없이(irrespective of, regardless of, without regard(respect) of)
*because of:-- 때문에(due to, thanks to, owing to, on account of, on the ground of)
*in conclusion:결론적으로(to all events and purposes, to conclude, to sum up, ultimately)
*in short:요컨대(in brief, in effect, all in all, all told, to make a long story short)
*etc;기타 등등(and so on, and so forth, and the like, and what not)

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